Managing Peace And Security:

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6
Managing Peace And Security Deterrence And
Diplomacy
Chapter
2
Diplomacy
DIPLOMACY
How is diplomacy practised?
What is diplomacy?
Why is diplomacy necessary?
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What is Diplomacy ?

• Diplomacy is the way in which countries manage or
  conduct relations with one another
• Aim - To promote common interests and to resolve
  conflicting interests in a peaceful manner
• Diplomats (Representatives) represent the
  interests and goodwill of Singapore

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Why is Diplomacy Necessary ?

• All countries are interconnected
• We rely and cooperate with each other in trade,
• politics, economics, defence etc
• Diplomacy allows us to keep up these good and
  close
• relations

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Why is Diplomacy Necessary ?

• Provides an opportunity for countries to pursue
• mutual interests
• Enables them to cooperate with one another to
  solve
• common problems
• Helps countries resolve conflicts, differences,
  and
• disagreements peacefully
• Enable countries to help one another in times of
  need

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How is Diplomacy Practised ?
Singapores diplomatic relations are conducted
mainly through
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
BILATERAL RELATIONS
REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Bilateral Relations

• Establishes Diplomatic relations with another
  country
• Diplomats are involved
• Treaties are signed by both countries

BILATEAL RELATIONS
Bi Involves 2 parties Lateral - Cross
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Bilateral Relations
Trading relationships with Japan, the USA
Germany Singapore acquired advanced
technological skills through these relationships.
Singapore benefits!
BILATERAL RELATIONS

• Singapores Red Cross helped countries such as
  Aceh when the tsunami hit in 2004.
• Fosters good relations with our neighbours.

Other countries benefit too!
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Bilateral Relations
BILATERAL RELATIONS
Kazakhstan Singapore March 30, 1993
China Singapore 2006
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Bilateral Relations

• Meulaboh 2005
• Tsunami 2006
• Help Singapore gain world recognition and respect

When the earthquake and tsunami occurred on Dec
26, the SAF, Singapore Armed Forces mounted its
biggest-ever rescue and relief operation,
Codenamed Operation Flying Eagle. The missions
were in four locations in two countries - Medan,
Banda Aceh and Meulaboh in Indonesia and Phuket
in Thailand. Singapore Air Force aircraft also
flew supply and support missions to Sri Lanka,
the Maldives and Mauritius.
SAF troops worked hand in hand with the
Indonesian soldiers to create landing sites on
the beach in Meulaboh for relief operations in
2005
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Regional Relations

• By forming an association with countries in the
  same region
• The association becomes stronger when the
• strengths of the member nations are combined
• In a better position to deal with other
• countries/associations

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How is Diplomacy Practised ?
Can you name the members of Asean?
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Why was Asean formed?
Border conflict between Vietnam, Laos Cambodia
Philippines Malaysia fighting over Sabah
Internal unrest in Indonesia after change of
president
Difficulties between Singapore Malaysia after
separation
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Therefore

• Main Aims
• Promote economic, social cultural development
  of region
• Protect peace stability of region
• Provide opportunities discussion and resolution
  of differences peacefully

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Asean

• The AIMS help to
• Maintain warm and friendly relations
• Maintain stability build trust
• Provides a safe avenue to resolve differences
  through discussion negotiations

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Aseans Initiatives

• ASEAN Free Trade Agreement
• New economic powers e.g. China and India are also
  competing for foreign investors
• SEA nations need to have economic integration so
  as to remain economically competitive
• AFTA aims to integrate the Asian economies into a
  single production base, create a regional market
  and remove all import taxes among SEA countries
  by 2015
• Result There is drop in taxes

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Aseans Initiatives

• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
• Aims to maintain peace
• By promoting political and security dialogue and
  cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific
  region
• Avenue to discuss security issues and resolve
  conflicts peacefully
• The participating countries are

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Spores contribution to Asean

• Education and professional exchange
• Not all countries in ASEAN are at the same stage
  of development
• Singapore is more advanced than Laos
• Therefore, Singapore provides Laos officials with
  technical training
• Singapore also offers scholarships to students of
  ASEAN countries

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Spores contribution to Asean

• Economic Cooperation Assistance
• Launching of the Initiative for ASEAN Integration
  (IAI) project
• To help narrow the economic gap between member
  countries e.g. Cambodia and Vietnam
• Singapore offered a five-year aid package of over
  S80 million to some ASEAN countries

REGIONAL RELATIONS
Environmental collaboration? P.185
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International Relations
Involve ties among many countries and groupings
throughout the world
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

• The Security Council
• Economic and Social Council
• General Assembly
• Trusteeship
• Council
• International Court of Justice
• Secretariat

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Singapore and UN

• After independence, UN sent experts to advise and
  help Singapore in its economic and social
  development
• Singapore helped in the UN Law of the Sea
  conference
• Do you know why this conference is organised?
• Singapore was elected to serve as Security
  Council member for 2 years
• Do you know what is the role of the Security
  Council?

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Singapore and UN

• UN peacekeeping operations
• Peacekeeping is a way to help countries torn by
  conflict to create conditions for long-tern peace
• UN peacekeepers include soldiers, military
  officers, civilian police officers and civilian
  personnel, deployed from many countries
• Operations involve peacemaking, peacekeeping,
  humanitarian assistance, military duties,
  elections, monitor human rights
• Singapore contributed approx 1,500 personnel for
  these missions

REGIONAL RELATIONS
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Conclusion

• Deterrence with diplomacy has made Singapore
• confident of meeting any threats!

DETERRENCE
DIPLOMACY
The Singapore Strategy
How Conflicts Are Managed
Why Conflicts Occur ?