Peace Operations

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Peace Operations

• The Changing Face of Peacekeeping

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Content

• The UN Charter
• The Cold War and the founding operations
• The Golden Age of peacekeeping
• The second generation
• The peacekeeping crisis
• Recent trends

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1.The UN Charter

• 1.1. Collective security
• 1.2. The Security Council
• 1.3. Chapter VI
• 1.4. Chapter VII
• 1.5. The Military Staff Committee

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2. The Cold War and the founding operations

• 2.1. Collective security Korea
• 2.2. Legal creativity  Uniting for Peace 
• 2.3. Operational creativity peacekeeping
• 1948 Palestine
• 1949 India/Pakistan
• 1956 Suez

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3. The Golden Age of peacekeeping

• 10 operations between 1956 and 1974
• Practical experience
• Building of a culture
• No formal doctrine
• 6 principles of traditional peacekeeping

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The 6 principles of  traditional  peacekeeping

• UN operation
• Established cease fire
• Consent of warring parties
• Impartiality
• Balanced composition
• Limited use of force

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Traditional Peacekeeping an integrated strategy
PRE REQUISIT
ACTIVITY
ACTOR
PARAMETERS
2. Composition
3. Impartiality
6. Consent
7. Interposition
1. UN
4. Light weaponry
5. Cease fire
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First doctrinal attempt

• An Agenda for Peace (1992)

• Conflict Prevention
• Peacemaking
• Peacekeeping
• Peacebuilding
• Peace Enforcement

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4. The Second Generation

• International context end of the Cold War
• - New conflicts
• - Unlocking of
  Security Council
• Quantitative changes number, size, cost
• Qualitative changes mandate, tasks, context

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Second doctrinal attempt

• Supplement to An Agenda for Peace (1995)

31 January 1988 31 January 1988 31 January 1992 December 1994
SC Resolutions Conflicts 15 11 15 11 53 13 78 28
Ongoing Operations Ongoing Operations Ongoing Operations Ongoing Operations Ongoing Operations
Total Traditional Multidimensional Personnel Budget (millions ) Total Traditional Multidimensional Personnel Budget (millions ) 5 5 0 11 121 230.4 11 7 4 13 856 1 686.6 17 9 8 77 783 3 610
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UNTAC 1992
ONUSAL 1991
MINURSO 1991
UNAVEM 1991
UNTAG 1989
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5. The crisis of peacekeeping

• Excess of credibility
• High ambitions
• Insufficient means
• The fatal trilogy UNPROFOR, UNOSOM, UNAMIR

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6. Recent trends

• Robust Operations
• Regionalization
• Unbalanced composition
• Wining hearts and mind
• Holistic approach of peace long term,
  multidimensional

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