The American Colonies

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The American Colonies
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Native American Culture

• Way of life varied based on location Farmers,
  Nomadic, etc. Not all Native Americans are the
  same
• Organized by kinship groups Clans and tribes
• Followed religious rituals and believed in
  earthly spirits and forces Believed in multiple
  spirits of the earth such as wind, fire, rain,
  etc.
• Oral History and tradition
• Used barter system across regions
• BELIEVED LAND SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT BE OWNED-
  It was everybodys

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Christopher Columbus

• Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand and
  Queen Isabella to have three ships.
• The three ships were Nina, Pinta, and Santa
  Maria.
• He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12,
  1492.
• His exploration ushered in the AGE OF EXPLORATION

Picture Credit http//www.mariner.org/age/columbu
s.html
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Christopher Columbus

• Also named San Salvador meaning Holy Savior.
• He saw people and named them Indians because
  he thought that he was in the West Indies.

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Columbian Exchange

• As a result of Columbuss voyages to the New
  World, an exchange began between the Americas and
  the rest of the world.
• Cultural Diffusion- Spread of
• Culture throughout the world

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Columbian Exchange
Americas to Europe Europe to Americas
Potatoes Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee
Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats
Tobacco Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever )
Chocolate Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle
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Countries

• - France
• a.) Active in fur trade
• b.) Canada and lands west of Appalachian
  Mountains
• Spain
• a.) Active in Florida and American Southwest
• b.) Established St. Augustine- FIRST permanent
  settlement in what will become the U.S.
• England
• a.) Slow to become involved worried of expense
• b.) Will come to dominate East coast of North
  America
• WHY?- GOD, GOLD, and GLORY!!!

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Types of Colonies JOINT STOCK Companies (Charter
Colony)

• Joint-Stock Companies
• Owned by a corporation and stock holders
• Economic ventures
• Elected own officials
• Jamestown, Virginia- Virginia Company

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Types of Colonies Proprietary

• Owned by a person or family after land is given
  from king or queen
• Make laws and appoint officials as they saw fit

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Types of Colonies ROYAL COLONY

• Under direct control of the King and he appoints
  the Royal Governor who appoints other officials
• By the time of the Revolutionary War- all
  colonies were considered Royal- Controlled by the
  King

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England Starts Badly

• The English Colonies were established for a
  variety of reasons but mainly for RELIGION and
  WEALTH
• Roanoke
• a.) Multiple attempts to establish colony in
  North Carolina (Virginia)
• b.) Close to 100 colonists disappeared
• c.) Croatoan

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Jamestown

• First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
  America- 1607
• Named in honor of King James
• Located in Virginia
• Famous Leader- John Smith
• Aided by local Natives including Pocahontas
• Colony saved by Tobacco and John Rolfe

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Jamestown

• Critical to the early survival of Jamestown was
  the policies of the Native Americans that allowed
  them to establish a settlement- a decision they
  no doubt regretted later
• First permanent ENGLISH settlement in North
  America- 1607
• Virginia Company of London Intended for short
  term gain and then to be abandoned
• Named in honor of King James
• Located in Virginia
• The CHARTER was important because it clearly
  stated that colonist would have the same rights
  as English citizens

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Jamestown

• Early Years- Were a nightmare
• 40 would be colonists died during the initial
  voyage (1606-07)
• Dozens more died once on shore of disease,
  malnutrition, and starvation
• The colonists were more concerned with finding
  gold so they spent their time searching for this
  instead of hunting the abundant game and fishing

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http//www.preservationvirginia.org/rediscovery/pa
ge.php?page_id25
http//www.womenlargejaw.com/node/992
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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileView_of_James_To
wn_Island,_Captain_John_Smith_Statue.jpg
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Jamestown The Starving Time

• Despite effective leadership by John Smith and
  the aid of the Natives, the colonists were still
  dying in droves
• Were reduced to eat dogges, Catts, Ratts, and
  Myce. (31)
• Some even dug up corpses and one man was executed
  for killing his wife and salting her to eat
• Of 400 hundred in Virginia in 1609- only 60
  survived the starving time of winter 1609-10

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John Rolfe

• Saved Jamestown because he brought tobacco
  seeds
• Tobacco grew well in the Virginia climate
• Europeans couldnt get enough of it and Jamestown
  became a profitable colony at long last
• Colonists would grow it in the streets and even
  between graves. They even had to import their
  food
• Wore out the land, also was labor intensive which
  meant more labor would be needed- Guess Who?

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The Pilgrims

• Went from England to Holland to North America in
  search of religious tolerance Took 66 days
• Were considered Separatists from the Puritans
  which wanted to purify the church
• Settled the Plymouth Colony in MA in 1620
• Mayflower Compact Named for their ship /
  Contract between the Pilgrims / Common good / 1st
  example of consent to be governed- similar to
  our constitution FOUNDATION OF SELF GOVERNMENT

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Thanksgiving

• Pilgrims didnt take the land from Natives- tribe
  had all died
• Was probably between Sept-Nov, most likely Oct.
• Celebrated in 1621 but not again for many years
• G. Washington proclaimed 1st national
  Thanksgiving in 1789
• A. Lincoln made it national holiday for last
  Thursday in November
• FD Roosevelt moved it to the second to last
  Thursdaywhy?

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Pilgrims
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THINK!What impacted the development of the
distinct cultures of the New England, Middle, and
Southern Colonies?
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New England Colonies

• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• Rhode Island
• (Maine- will break from MA)

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New England Colonies

• Reasons Religious, Establish Puritan society,
  and Fur Trade
• Economy Fishing, Ship building, whaling and Fur
  Trade
• Important People
• - Roger Williams Established Providence, Rhode
  Island and First Baptist Religion in America
• - Thomas Hooker Puritan who founded Connecticut

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Middle Colonies

• New York (Taken from Dutch)
• New Jersey (From Dutch)
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware

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Middle Colonies

• Reasons Expansion, Religious Tolerance, Freedom
• Economy Trade, Farming, and Lumber

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William Penn

• Established Quaker Pennsylvania, Wrote democratic
  constitution, Called for fair treatment of
  Natives, and wanted union of colonies

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Southern Colonies

• Virginia
• Maryland
• Georgia
• The Carolinas- Later North and South

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Southern Colonies

• Reasons Gold, Escape Debt (Georgia), Land
  wealth, Religious
• Economy Tobacco, Rice, Indigo Crops Labor
  intensive crops- Need for slaves
• Tobacco and John Rolfe saved Jamestown and
  Virginia

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Important People

• Captain John Smith- Led Jamestown, Helped it
  prosper, Those who dont work, dont eat
• John Rolfe- First successful cultivation of
  tobacco- became main export crop
• Pocahontas- Credited with helping to save John
  Smith and help colony survive. Married John
  Rolfe- Lived in England

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What impacted the development of the distinct
cultures of the New England, Middle, and Southern
Colonies?

• Religion, Economy, and Climate

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SLAVERY

• African slaves were first taken to Portuguese and
  Spanish colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico,
  Central America, and South America in the early
  1500s
• Were brought over as part of Triangular Trade
  between Africa, Europe, and the Americas
• Portion of trip that brought slaves was the
  Middle Passage
• Were seen as better workers than Natives because
  more immune to diseases
• 1638- African Male cost 27 dollars (European
  Labor .70/ day)
• Originally used for servants for the rich- Later
  more manual labor and violent

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Amistad

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vmXS6JAhMe1Qfeature
  player_