Elements and The Periodic Table

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Elements and The Periodic Table
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The Super 7 Diatomic Elements I Have No Bright
Or Clever Friends HOFBrICl
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Pure substance or mixture Element or compound heterogeneous or homogeneous
chlorine pure substance element (molecule)
water pure substance compound
soil mixture heterogeneous
sugar water mixture homogeneous
oxygen pure substance element (molecule)
air mixture homogeneous
carbon dioxide pure substance compound
cookie dough mixture heterogeneous
propane pure substance compound
iron pure substance element (atom)
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History of the Periodic Table

• 330 B.C - 4 elements
• 1800 - 31 elements
• 1865 - 63 elements
• Chemists required a systematic method to organize
  the elements

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John Newlands

• 1864
• Arranged all known elements in order of
  increasing atomic mass
• Observed that every 8th element had similar
  physical and chemical properties (Law of Octaves)
• Began to group these elements into families

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Lothar Meyer

• 1865
• Also arranged the elements in order of increasing
  atomic mass
• Found repeating patterns and developed a table of
  elements

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Dimitri Mendeleev

• 1869
• Noticed same patterns as Newlands Meyer
• Because Mendeleev published his table first, he
  is credited as the Father of the Periodic Table
• Now, elements are not arranged by atomic mass
• Periodic Law When arranged by atomic number, the
  properties of the elements repeat at regular
  intervals.

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Amazing!
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Within YOUR Lifetime
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and the same number of valence electrons
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Hydrogen(A class of its own)

• Sometimes it behaves like an alkali metal,
  sometimes like a halogen, and sometimes in its
  own unique way.

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Group 1 Alkali Metals

• 1 valence electron (electrons in their outermost
  shell)
• Soft, shiny, easily cut with a knife
• The most reactive metals
• React violently with water (stored in oil or a
  vacuum)
• React with halogens to form salts

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Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

• 2 valence electrons
• Light, reactive metals

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Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

• 1 or 2 valence electrons
• Strong, hard metals
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Wide range of chemical and physical properties

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Group 17 Halogens

• 7 valence electrons
• Extremely reactive nonmetals

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Group 18 Noble Gases

• Full outer shell
• Extremely unreactive (inert)

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Lanthanides (Rare Earth Metals)

• Elements 57-70

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Actinides

• Elements 89-102
• Transuranic Elements Synthetic elements
• (elements 93)

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Practice!

• p. 11 1, 2
• p. 20 16-20
• p. 21 4