Ergonomics

1
Ergonomics

• Is the study of how the human form moves at work
  and at play.
• Ergonomics must be taken
• into account when products are being designed,
  because if the human user is not comfortable when
  moving naturally to use the product, or is not
  comfortable in his/her mind when using the
  product, then they will not buy or use the
  product.

2
Ergonomic consideration you need to take account
of are

• What human physiology interaction is involved
  with this product?
• What human psychological behaviour and attitudes
  could have an affect on the product?
• What anthropometric sizes have an affect on the
  design of this product?

3
Physiology

• The science of the process of life in nature,
  i.e. how the human muscles and skeleton moves
  naturally.

4
Psychology

• The science of human thought study of the mind
  and behaviour attitudes etc., characteristics of
  individual, type, etc., or animating specific
  conduct.

5
Anthropometric data

• Scientists have measured the full range of human
  bodies and have included this statistical
  information gathered on human sizes in data
  charts. The design term for this is called
  anthropometric data.

6
Aesthetics

• This is the appreciation of beauty in the eyes of
  the beholder. Shape, proportion, colour, texture
  and pattern are topics that influence beauty.

7
Design Brief

• An initial statement describing a design problem,
  situation or need for a new product

8
Design specification

• A detailed list of performance to be achieved by
  the solution of the design problem
• What it must achieve

9
Synthesis

• Putting together, making a whole out of the
  parts combination of separate elements of the
  parts
• Thought in a whole with reasoning to reach a
  conclusion.

10
Brainstorming

• recording random ideas as thoughts occur, usually
  in group discussions.

11
CAD CADD

• Computer Aided Design and Draughting

A CADD system may be regarded as a tool which
allows designers to input design criteria such as
sizes of components and tolerances. Standard
components can be inserted from software
libraries into designs. The behaviour of designs
can be simulated and modifications can be made
relatively easily by manipulating the stored
images. Professionals, such as designers,
engineers and architects, whose work involves
draughting skills, have improved their
productivity using computer-aided design.
12
CADAM

• Computer Aided Design And Manufacture
• Robotics
• Automation

13
Product Evaluation

• An in depth evaluation, reporting on the positive
  and negative aspects of the product.

• Aesthetics
• Ergonomics
• Fitness for purpose ( function )
• Materials
• Maintenance
• Running costs
• Durability
• Value for money
• Environment
• Target market

14
Prototype

• A fully crafted solution to a product design,
  which can then be evaluated and developed further
  if necessary.

THE LAST STAGE TO BUILD A FULL WORKING MODEL OF
THE SOLUTION ATTEMPTS TO BE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE
TO THE SOLUTION IT IS A ONE OFF IT IS USED FOR
FINAL TESTING ie ERGONOMICS AESTHETICS IF THE
DESIGNER AND CLIENT ARE SATISFIED THEN A
MANUFACTURING BASE IS SET UP TO PRODUCE THE
PRODUCT
15
Modelling

• A 3D illustration of a design concept or a
  component of a concept.

SCALE MODEL SIMULATE MATERIALS PROTO
TYPE PRESENTATION MODEL DISCUSS WITH
DESIGNER CAD CHANGES CAN BE MADE AT EARLY STAGE
16
Full Realisation

• Complete manufacture of a 3-Dimensional product

17
Rendering

• The adding of tone or colour to a drawing to make
  it more realistic.
• Giving depth and life

18
Working drawings

• Drawings/sketches which contain all the
  information required to. enable prototypes to be
  manufactured. (Your working drawings are the
  orthographic drawings, final design and exploded
  view )

19
Fashion

• Is the current creative design trend, that is
  imposed by those whose lead is accepted by the
  Population at this moment in time.

20
Style

• is particular types of design which are
  persistently regarded by the majority of the
  population as being good taste.

21
Form

• relates to the 3Dimension final appearance of a
  product.
• Example 1. At the Bauhaus School of Design they
  believed that a final product should be based on
  the function of the object and have minimum extra
  decoration.
• Example 2. Some designers use geometric forms,
  other designers use natural forms to help create
  the overall form of the product.

22
Technological advances

• the development of new materials, manufacturing
  techniques and devices, such as the
  microprocessor, carbon-fibre, Goretex material
  etc.

23
Popliteal height

• an anthropometric term of measurement from the
  ground to the back of the knee.

24
Lateral thinking

• this is when you create lots of different concept
  ideas, which you think can be used
• to solve the same problem. These ideas need then
  to be evaluated against the design specification,
  to see if they are appropriate.

25
Mind mapping

• this is a method of brainstorming where design
  factors branches out like a tree, in the
• form of a bubble chart. You need to consider all
  the design factors, which you analyse, and break
  this down into their component parts.

26
Metomorphological analysis

• Is a designing technique where you break down a
  product into parts, then producing a range of
  design ideas for each part, then combining the
  best part ideas into an original and
• innovative final design.

27
Metomorphological AnalysisEXAMPLE
Leg shape Leg material Top shape Top material
Cylinder Steel tube Circle Acrylic
Like human leg Oak Triangle Plywood
Square section Cast aluminum Biomorphic Steel sheet

• Select one suggestion from each column at random
  and then draw a concept sketch for example a
  table. The legs could be cylindrical and made
  from oak, the top could be triangular and made
  from sheet steel.