Elements and the Periodic Table

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Elements and the Periodic Table

• COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCE

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The Modern Periodic Table - Journal

1. What happens to properties when you move from
   left to right across the table?
2. What type of elements are in yellow? In green? In
   blue?
3. What is an important fact about the Actinide
   series?

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The Modern Periodic Table

• PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY COLUMNS
• Example - Group (Family 1) Alkali Metals
• What is similar?

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The Modern Periodic Table

• HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?
• State solid, liquid, gas
• Natural manmade (91 of the first 92 are
  natural)
• METALS, NONMETALS METALLOIDS

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PROPERTIES

• METALS
• Mostly solid,
• Good conductors of electricity and heat
• METALLOIDS
• All solids
• Properties between metals and nonmetals
• Known as semi-conductors
• NONMETALS
• Solids, liquids and gases
• Good insulators

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The Modern Periodic Table
Classified by Properties
What happens to properties when you move from
left to right across the table?
ELEMENTS BECOME LESS METALLIC AND MORE
NON-METALLIC
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Representative Groups

• Elements in a group have SIMILAR (not identical)
  PROPERTIES because they have the same number of
  valence electrons

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Representative Groups

• ALKALI METALS (group 1)
• Single valence electron
• EXTREMELY REACTIVE
• Reactivity increases from
• top to bottom
• It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is
• grouped here. Why?

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Representative Groups

• ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2)
• TWO valence electrons
• Less reactive than group 1

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Representative Groups

• BORON FAMILY (group 3A)
• THREE valence electrons
• FYI- Aluminum is the most
• abundant metal in Earths crust

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Representative Groups

• CARBON FAMILY (group 4A)
• FOUR valence electrons
• FYI- Except for water, most compounds in your
  body contain Carbon.

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Representative Groups

• NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A)
• FIVE valence electrons
• FYI- Nitrogen and Phosphorous are used to make
  fertilizers.

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Representative Groups

• OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A)
• SIX valence electrons
• FYI- Oxygen is the most abundant nonmetal in
  Earths crust, and Ozone is another form of
  oxygen.

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Representative Groups

• THE HALOGENS (group 7A)
• SEVEN valence electrons
• EXTREMELY REACTIVE
• Reactivity increases from bottom to top
• FYI- Halogen means salt former.

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Representative Groups

• THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A)
• EIGHT valence electrons
• INERT (dont react easily)
• FYI- make neon lights when a current is passed
  thru them.

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Journal

• Color in the Periodic Table given to you and
  color it in according to the following LIST.
• Use a different color for each of the items
  below.
• Metals
• Alkali Metals
• Alkaline Earth Metals
• Transition Metals
• Metalloids
• Nonmetals
• Halogens
• Noble Gases

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5.1 Journal

1. Check your Periodic Table