Ramadhan

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Ramadhan

• Introduction

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RamadhanIntroduction

• In Islam, a sacred month of fasting
• The first revelation of the Quran
• is commemorated in this month
• 9th month of the Muslim year
• Because of the purely lunar calendar,
• it falls in different seasons

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RamadhanIntroduction

• Month for devotion and acts of atonement
• Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadhan
• Indulgence of any sort is forbidden during the
  fast
• Increased praying and charity encouraged

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RamadhanIntroduction

• Ramadhan fast, one of the Five Pillars of Islam
• End of fasting celebrated as one of the
• important religious holidays of Islam, Eid ul
  Fitr.

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Ramadhan

• Fasting

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HadithMuslim

• Hadith Qudsi
• I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul
  of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter
  to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of
  musk.

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RamadhanThe Principle

• The principle behind Saum
• is to understand the plight of the poor and
  needy
• pledge to live a more significant and
  meaningful life

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Hadith

• Prophet Mohammedsaw said
• "if a person observing fast does not shun
  untruth, his having given up eating and drinking
  is of little value. Such a person starves for
  nothing. And those who rise in the midnight to
  recite prayers but do not give up untruth and
  evil deeds, lose their sleep for nothing

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RamadhanThe Fast

• For thirty days
• abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and
  sensual indulgences
• from shortly before sunrise to shortly after
  sunset
• due reward for fasting
• one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner

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RamadhanThe Niyyat

• Intent of fasting
• could be verbal and in any language
• preferable to make Niyyat during night
• i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
  
• without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
• (time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum
  is before the time of Nisfun-Nahar i.e. midday in
  terms of the Shariah)

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RamadhanMeals

• Special meals of the Saum
• Suhoor before the Fajr prayers
• Iftar evening meal
• often eaten communally
• often including dates

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QuranSurah al Baqarah 187

• ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????
  ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????
  ????????? ??????????
• ...And now associate with them and seek what
  Allah has ordained for you and eat and drink
  until the white thread of dawn appears to you
  distinct from its black thread.

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HadithAhmed

• The Messenger of Allahsaw said  
• "Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it
  even if it is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and
  the Angels bless those who observe it." 

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RamadhanA Special act

• Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more special
  than siyaam/ fasting
• no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
• only Allah knows the one really abstaining
• fasting is considered a special worship

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RamadhanBenefits

• Why fast?
• to develop patience and self-control
• to learn sympathy for the deprived
• to cleanse the body and mind

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RamadhanBenefits

• Why fast?
• to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
• to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
• to protect against sin.

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RamadhanHadith

• The Holy Prophetsaw said
• "Satan runs in the circulatory system of the
  son of Adam in the same way blood circulates in
  our system so tighten his passages with hunger
• Bukhari and Muslim

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RamadhanThe 3 Grades of Fasting

• Ordinary Fasting
• abstaining from food, drink and sexual
  satisfaction
• Special Fasting
• abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue,
  hands and feet and allorgans free from sin

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RamadhanThe 3 Grades of Fasting

• Extra-special Fasting
• abstinence total disregard of everything but
  Allah
• - this kind of Fast broken by thinking of
  worldly
• matters
• - consists of utmost dedication to Allah
• To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets,
  the awliya and intimates of Allah

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RamadhanHadith Qudsi

• "All services of the son of Adam are for him
  except fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward
  him for it. Fasting is a shield. On the day you
  fast, do not use obscenity, nor yell at others,
  nor act ignorantly towards them. However, if
  anyone abuses you verbally or attempts to draw
  you to fight with him, say 'I am fasting' two
  times. The Prophet (saas) then states I swore by
  the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is the soul of
  Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to
  Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of
  musk. The faster experiences enjoyment twice he
  is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he is
  pleased when he meets his Maker"
• (Muslim)

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RamadhanFasting

• Fasting is a shield
• protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
• eating increases blood flow and energy levels
• making easier for Satan to use ones own energy
  level to tempt to commit sins

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RamadhanA test

• The fast is the single most important device to
  test
• the Iman
• the depth of sincerity
• commitment to the concept of Tauheed

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HadithTirmidhi

• The Messenger of Allahsaw has been reported as
  saying
• "There are three categories of people whose
  supplications will not be rejected
• - the person who observes the fast until he
  breaks it,
• - a just ruler,
• - and a person who has been oppressed."

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RamadhanSunnahs of Fasting

• 6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
• - Sehri or predawn meals  - Iftar
  immediately after sunset  - Tarawih Salaat
  at night  - Feed the poor and hungry  -
  Increased reading of the Holy Quran  -
  Itikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadhan
•  

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RamadhanMustahabs of Fasting

• To partake of Sehri
• To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha
  Sadiq
•   To break one's fast immediately after
  sunset
•   To break one's fast with dates and water
• To make Niyyat at night

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HadithBukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933

• "If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or
  drinks absent-mindedly, then he should continue
  his fast, because it was Allah who fed him."
• In another narration, "and there is no day
  owed nor expiation required."

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RamadhanMakroohat of Fasting

• To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc
•   To taste food/drink and spit it out
• (If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for
  wife to taste food without swallow it)
•   Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing
  it to quench thirst 
• Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly
  until after Subha Sadiq 

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RamadhanMakroohat of Fasting

• Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
  
• Complain of hunger and thirst
•   Taking water too much up the nostrils (when
  cleaning the nose)
•   To gargle more than necessary
•   To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent
  words
•   To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are
  sinful acts

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RamadhanRegarding Children

• The normal rule
• After age 7 order child to observe Saum
• No Qadha if child breaks the
  fast
• By age 10 compel child to fast in Ramadhan

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RamadhanQaza saum

• Compensate unobserved fasts
• are Wajib
• without needless delay
• make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq
• omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
• Qadha saum need not be consecutive
• Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible

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RamadhanKaffarah

• Penalty for deliberate nullification of Sawm of
  Ramadhan
• fasting 60 consecutive days
• those unable to fast can
• feed 60 needy 2 meals a
  day
• or pay the amount in cash
  (Sadaqah Fitr)
• or give 2kgs flour per
  poor