Aquaculture

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Aquaculture

• Annie Doerr
• EEES 4730

http//s3.hubimg.com/u/3095722_f260.jpg
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Goal General Understanding of Aquaculture

• Origins
• Aquaculture today
• Benefits and concerns
• Possible solutions

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Origins

• oxbow lakes

• reserviors

http//serc.carleton.edu/resources/2528.html

• monsoon waters

http//farwestsocialclub.com

• netted coves

http//www.anra.gov.au/topics/coasts/condition/ind
ex.html
http//www.africam.com/images/cam_info/nkorho_loca
tion.jpg
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Recent History

• 50 seafood comes from aquaculture (SIC)
• Aquaculture contribution to seafood supply
  increased from 3.9 (1970) to 29.9 (2002) (FAO)

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Recent History

• Aquacultures growing faster than any other meat
  industry
• average growth since 1970
• aquaculture 8.9/yr
• fisheries 1.2/yr
• terrestrial meat 2.8/yr (FAO)

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Recent History

• 4. Largest growth in China (FAO)
• 5. 2002 60 billion value in US

1970
2002
http//www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htm
p_1
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Basics

• Aquaculture farming aquatic organisms (fish,
  mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic plants)
• Sources wild capture (20), hatchery (80) (FAO)

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• freshwater culture(57.7)

• mariculture (36.5)

http//seasteading.org/interact/forums/engineering
/structure-designs/live-aboard-floating-platform-p
oor-aquaculture-a-susta
http//www.mannafoundation.org/maeteng/maeteng1.jp
g

• brackish-water (5.8)

• sea ranching

http//www.sciencephoto.com/media/375832/enlarge
http//www.prwatch.org/files/images/fishfarm.jpg
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Benefits

• Decrease pressure on wild fish
• Less expensive than industrial fishing - better
  human diets less unsustainable fisheries

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Problems

• 1. Disease parasites - spread to wild fish,
  antibiotics
• 2. Fish feed - ? stocks, farming tigers, raw
  feed spreads disease

• 3. Genetic pollution invasives - escaped
  domestic fish

http//www.noteworthytips.com/wp-content/uploads/2
010/08/fish_net_8392.jpg
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Problems

• 4. Loss of natural habitat - invasive captures,
  farm location (20 mangrove destruction)
• 5. Pollution from concentrated sewage - smother
  benthos, eutrophication, ? DO

http//www.habitatadvocate.com.au/?taginshore-bea
m-trawl-fishery
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Traditional vs. Integrated Multi-tropic
Aquaculture of Gracilaria chilensis

• 60 salmanoid feed stays in water
• Gracilaria chilensis (seaweed) removes amonia and
  nitrates from water

http//www.texasaquaculture.org/
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• Integrated aquaculture raising fish with
  another crop

http//land.allears.net/blogs/jackspence/LWTL32.jp
g
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Traditional vs. Integrated Multi-tropic
Aquaculture of Gracilaria chilensis

• Study examines potential of seaweed to filter
  excess nutrients from salmon farms

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• L1 800m - top
• L2 7km - top
• L3 control - top
• L4 bottom

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Growth Patterns
summer
autumn

• Summer and autumn growth patterns (mean (SE), n
  30) of Gracilaria chilensis cultivated at
  different distances from the salmon cages (L1
  100 m, L2 800 m, L3 7000 m and L4 bottom
  culture). A. Relative Growth Rate ( day- 1) and
  B. Productivity (g m- 1 month- 1). Letters
  indicate the groups differentiated by posthoc
  tests, when these were significant at P lt 0.01.

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1. Seaweed most effective floating at intermediate
   distance
2. Farming seaweed near fish farms would reduce
   nutrient outputs from aquaculture

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Possible Solutions

• Integrated aquaculture
• Replace wild-caught fry with hatchery fry
• Better shipment and feeding methods
• Better labels for seafood
• "Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants." -Michael
  Pollan

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Questions?
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Resources

• Food Agriculture Org. (FAO) http//www.fao.org/d
  ocrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htmp_1 ,
  http//www.fao.org/docrep/field/009/ag158e/AG158E0
  1.htm ,
• Seafood Industry Council (SIC) http//www.seafoodi
  ndustry.co.nz/aquaculture