Dissertation Writing Guide for Better Writing

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Why Did We Write This Guide?

• Writing a dissertation is the final step towards
  earning a PhD degree. It is the culmination of
  years of hard work, research and planning. And
  yet the percentage of successful dissertation
  submission is going down each and every year.
  Several students drop out in the first year of
  their PhD course. Many others procrastinate and
  submit their dissertations much later than
  expected. Yet few others drop the idea in the
  last minute. Following our guide helps to
  complete your dissertation on time. It gives you
  a complete list of dos and donts and the
  hurdles you are likely to encounter while writing
  your dissertation. So read on.

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Who is this guide for?

• We have written this for all the PhD students
  who need a bit of dissertation help. Our
  dissertation writing experts, however, insist
  that this guide would be suitable for all ages of
  students in higher academia. It can also be
  written for those seeking assignment help, essay
  help or coursework on a particular subject.

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How to use this guide for dissertation writing?

• This dissertation writing guide is a
  user-friendly manual for all PhD students or the
  students in higher academia. It covers all the
  aspects of dissertation writing research
  question, research concept paper, chapters,
  bibliography and references. Each section relates
  to a particular theme. It tells you what to do
  and how to go about it. It warns you against the
  possible impediments which you can face and how
  to overcome them, should you face one. So read
  on

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What is a Dissertation?

• Students seeking dissertation writing help is no
  stranger to the concept. However, a brief
  recapitulation might not be out of place.
• A dissertation is lengthy piece of formal
  writing, written by a student in order to fulfill
  the requirements necessary for a PhD degree.

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Why Is A Dissertation So Important?

• A dissertation is the most important body of work
  you have to compose in your entire academic
  lifetime. There are many reasons why writing a
  dissertation is paramount and these reasons are
  why universities have made dissertation an
  indispensible part of their syllabus.
• gtgtThe factors have been discussed in Next Slide..

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• The factors have been discussed below
• A dissertation reveals your capacity and skills
  as a researcher
• This type of assignment adds to your final grades
  and has the power of affecting your CGPA
• A dissertation helps in demonstrating whether you
  posses certain abilities. It helps display
  whether youre able to identify your own area of
  interest, whether you can carry out extensive
  research on the topic you have chosen, whether
  you can express yourself clearly through your
  write-up and whether you have the skills to
  execute this mammoth task on your own
• A dissertation helps you to prepare for your
  career, and a well-written dissertation can land
  you a really good job
• A dissertation is a way of testing your knowledge
  and your grasp of the subject matter
• Dissertations also have a role to play in the
  pursuing of higher studies and can determine
  whether you will get admission in the university
  of your choice.

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• 1. Abstract
• An abstract is a short summary of the entire
  dissertation. It consists of the research
  question along with chapter outlines and the
  conclusion. This is the first thing that a person
  is going to read in your dissertation so write it
  well.

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• 2. Research question
• The next important component is the research
  question. It is the fundamental question that
  defines your research and forms the crux of the
  research. This should come in the introduction
  preferably in a separate section. Additionally
  this portion should be written well since people
  would be drawn towards the rest of the
  dissertation by your research question. The
  stronger the question is, the likelier it is to
  evoke curiosity.

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• 3. Literature review
• Another equally important part is to give an
  overview of all the existing research work done
  on the subject. This is crucial because it serves
  two purposes firstly, it lets your dissertation
  committee know that you have a good grip on the
  existing literature on the subject and the
  questions you should be asking. Secondly, it
  gives a holistic perspective to the students on
  the topic of your research and helps them to
  place your research within larger area of study.

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• 4. Chapters
• Chapters form the main pillars of your
  dissertation. A well written dissertation neatly
  divided into five or more chapters is your best
  bet. Anything less than three is too short and
  anything more than five is bit too lengthy. Five
  chapters seem perfect. Each chapter should
  concentrate on a particular topic and should be
  written in a manner so that it can make for an
  independent reading.

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• 5. Bibliography
• Many students think bibliography an unnecessary
  imposition on the student community already
  reeling under the pressure of writing a
  dissertation. A bibliography is a tabular list of
  the names of the authors who have been consulted
  by a student while writing the dissertation. All
  the sources of direct and indirect influences
  should be mentioned. Although it might seem like
  an imposition, it is important that you write
  full length bibliography.
• Lets guide you on how each component of the
  dissertation should be framed if you are
  composing a 10000-word long dissertation. Here is
  a standard dissertation framework.

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Proposed Title of the Dissertation

• Let us begin by deconstructing a dissertation.
  What are the main parts of a dissertation? What
  to include and what not to include?
• A dissertation as we mentioned before is a formal
  piece of writing of considerable length which
  consists of the following parts
• In Next Slide-gt

Basic components Proposed Distribution of Word () Total Word Count
Abstract    
Chapter1 Introduction Research Aim Research Objectives 10 1000 Words
Chapter 2 LiteratureReview 25 2500 Words
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Proposed Title of the Dissertation
Basic components Chapter 3 ResearchMethodology Research Approach Research Design Data Collection Procedure Data Sources Primary and Secondary Or Both Qualitative Specific ModelThematic and Interview etc. Quantitative Specific modelRegression, ANOVA, T test,Z test,etc  Or Both Population and SampleSampling Techniqueplease specify Sample SizePlease specify Proposed Distribution of Word () 20 Total Word Count 2000 Words
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Proposed Title of the Dissertation
Basic components Proposed Distribution of Word () Total Word Count
Abstract    
Chapter 4Analysis 30 3000 Words
Chapter 5Conclusion References Count and Style Appendix Transcript Data Ethical Form 15 1500 Words
Now let us understand the finer aspects of each
component of the dissertation.
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How to hunt for dissertation topic?

• The first thing that you will need for writing a
  dissertation is an interesting topic to work
  upon. Students in grad schools spent a large part
  of their PhD coursework flitting from one topic
  to another. Others drop the very idea of doing a
  research. Many change their supervisors midway
  because of the changes done on the dissertation
  topic. All these have dreadful consequences for
  the dissertation project as a whole.
• gtgtIn Next Slide Read 10 killer tips

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Here are 10 killer tips on how to choose a
dissertation topic
How to stick to that topic and what not to do
while choosing a topic.

1. Relevance is the key. Whether you are choosing on
   your own or are dependent on the supervisor while
   choosing a topic, it is advised that your topic
   should be relevant. Relevance should be judged in
   terms of the contribution that the research work
   can make to the broader field of study. You
   should be up to date to the current developments
   in your fields. This is particularly true in the
   field of medicine, genetics, microbiology, IT and
   engineering.

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1. Your research should attract funding. All
   researchers know the pain one has to endure while
   finding financial resources for a research
   project. As such try that the topic of your
   research should be such that it would
   automatically attract funding. Cutting-edge
   research work is likely to attract more funding.
   Projects on cancer research, HIV, genetics and
   stem cell are likely to attract both academic and
   corporate funding.
2. Your topic should not overlap exactly with your
   peers or any other research works currently being
   undertaken. This devalues the novelty of your
   research work.

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1. Select your topic in consultation with your
   supervisor. Your supervisor should be well aware
   of the field of research you are undertaking.
   This is due to the fact that selection of the
   supervisor should be based on a large extent on
   the topic chosen.
2. Your supervisor might help you in finding a
   suitable research topic. Always take his or her
   help. He or she should be well aware of the
   current research trends and might suggest a word
   or two on possible research subjects.

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1. Alternatively, you can attend seminar, workshops,
   graduate courses, summer schools and internships
   to come up with possible research ideas. In
   higher academia, these are the areas where ideas
   germinate. You would be talking to other
   academicians, learning about their research work
   and getting inspired. Famous astrophysicist
   Steven Hawking got the idea of his dissertation
   from a lecture on Black Holes by the famous
   English Mathematical physicist Roger Penrose.

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1. Talking to your fiends can help too. You can have
   brainstorming sessions where each one of you can
   come up with an informal presentation on a
   particular research topic. Alternatively, you can
   join a reading circle or a student group which
   can help you to come up with research topic.
2. You should never choose a topic which is
   outdated, overworked or entirely irrelevant. Your
   committee is not likely to pass it. Further, you
   are unlikely to get any kind of research funding
   for your topic.

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1. Do not forget to approve your dissertation topic
   by committee and your supervisor formally.
2. Finally do not delay. One cannot harp this point
   more. The more you spend on searching for a topic
   the lesser time you have for finishing the
   research work. Our advice is to find a topic as
   quickly as possible and get down working.

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How to formulate a research question

• A research question defines your research. The
  stronger the research question is the better it
  is. It shows that you have quite a hold over the
  existing literature and a good grasp over the
  research questions which have been previously
  asked by the scholars in your field.
• Here is a list of 5 things that you should keep
  in mind while formulating a research question
• gtgt Read the List in Next Slide

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1. A strong research proposal must past the so
   what test. This means how important your
   research is to the larger field of research. How
   relevant it is to the contemporary world and how
   is it going to benefit your research field. So if
   you researching on stem cell therapy, then you
   must justify your research by suggesting how your
   research is going to find a cure for people
   suffering from terminal diseases like cancer and
   HIV/AIDS.

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1. Think whether your research question is going to
   find you funding or not. This again is related to
   the relevance of your research project. You are
   unlikely to find any funding if your research
   question is irrelevant and outdated.
2. Keep your research question focused and narrow.
   So if you are researching on substance abuse then
   instead of asking how substance abuse occurs, ask
   what is the relationship between early childhood
   experiences and substance abuse in later years.

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1. Always think of areas of research which have not
   been touched upon instead of focusing on areas
   which have already been done to death.
2. Finally, do not forget to mention the scope and
   limitations of your research. It is
   understandable that you would not be able to
   accommodate all the research themes. So try to be
   realistic and set research goals which would be
   easily achievable.

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What are the chief research methodologies?

• The process used to collect information and data
  for the purpose of writing a dissertation is
  called dissertation research methodology. It
  consists of a number of processes.
• Here are the 5 top research methods.
• gtgt Read Methods in Next Slide.

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• Interviews
• An interview is a conversation between two
  persons (an interviewer and an interviewee) in
  which questions are asked in order to get
  information for research purposes. It is quite a
  popular method for getting qualitative
  information. It is common in social sciences,
  marketing and psychology. There are many types of
  interviews formal and informal open and close
  ended etc. In formal interviews, the same set of
  questions is asked to everyone. In an informal
  interview, the style is conversational. In an
  open-ended interview, questions are deliberately
  kept broad and open-ended to elicit responses
  that can be analyzed more cogently. On the other
  hand, fixed and closed interviews are based on a
  set of pre-determined question and answers where
  the interviewer has to choose one of the answers
  given.

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• Historical research
• This mode of qualitative research is quite
  popular in history. There are four key sources
  for carrying out this kind of information
• Archival sources or old historical documents
  which are preserved in the archives and the
  museums
• Secondary sources which include books and journal
  articles
• Governmental reports like census data etc
• And literary sources like autobiographies,
  memoirs and recollections.

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• Survey
• Among all the methodologies of quantitative
  research, survey is the most important.
  Statistical surveys are undertaken to reveal
  quantitative results about populations. Some
  examples of surveys are census, polls and market
  research analysis.

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• Case study
• Being a part of qualitative research methodology,
  a case study is a research methodology where
  theories are applied in real life case scenarios
  in order to examine whether these theories have
  validity or not. It is quite a popular
  methodology in social sciences. However,
  now-a-days, it is majorly used in law and
  business. In law, a student is given a situation
  involving a legal dispute and he is asked to come
  up with a suitable legal outcome of the dispute.
  On the other hand, a business case study involves
  a real or a fictive situation of a business
  enterprise and the student is asked to come up
  with some business strategies which would help
  the company to come out of this situation.

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• Theoretical analysis
• This method is quite common for theoretical
  subjects like philosophy, English, comparative
  literature, cultural studies, film studies,
  gender and queer studies etc. Basically, in this
  method, we try to apply high philosophical
  theories to literature, cinema, drama and
  contemporary situations, not just as formulas but
  as critical exercises which would help us to
  question given assumptions about our human
  society.

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How to write chapters for your dissertation?

• Next, we move on to writing your chapters. They
  form the main pillars of your dissertation. They
  make up the main body of your dissertation and
  you would be judged on the basis of your
  chapters. Do keep in mind the following tips
  while writing your chapters.
• There should be a minimum of five chapters
  including introduction and conclusion. Anything
  less than five is unacceptable in a dissertation.
  On the other hand, a dissertation which runs into
  several unnecessary chapters is unlikely to
  impress your dissertation committee either.

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• Next, lets talk about research themes and how to
  organize them. It is possible that you would be
  dealing with multiple themes. Do not cram them
  into one or two chapters. Try to divide it into
  several small chapters, each dedicated to a
  particular research theme. Here is an example
• Suppose your research theme is the banking
  practices of large global corporations and how
  they affect poor third world nations then try to
  divide this into three separate chapters
• gtgtRead Chapter in Next Slide.

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• Chapter 1 Global financial institutions like IMF
  and the World Bank
• Chapter 2 Financial policies of international
  banks like Citibank, American Express and how
  they try to arm-twist poor countries to give them
  unethical tax-cuts which augment their profit.
• Chapter 3 Chronic poverty of third world nations
  and how they are forced to accept the terms and
  conditions of the big banks.

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1. Try to keep the chapters short and compact.
   Inordinate length of chapters might put your
   dissertation committee off.
2. Finally, your writing style should be simple yet
   effective. Your readers should enjoy what you
   have written.

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How to do citations and bibliography?

• Both require special skills and technique.
  Citations are acknowledgements of references
  which you have used in the course of writing your
  dissertation. A bibliography is a tabular list of
  the names of the author and their books which you
  have used. Both are necessary for your research.
• Citations There are four ways to cite your
  sources. They are dictated by various educational
  institutions. They are APA, MLA, Harvard and
  Chicago.

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• Harvard follows in-text citation which is
  parenthetical in nature. So the name of the
  author and year of publication should come in the
  text within parenthesis. Here is an exampleJohn
  Williams Finance Accounting, New York,
  2001According to Harvard style, it should be
  written like thisJohn Williams, 2001.

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• Chicago style follows end text citations. They
  are either written as footnotes or as endnotes.
  Here is an examplePorter Stephen, Principles of
  Advanced Accounting, Minnesota, 1989.According
  to Chicago style, it should be written in the
  following mannerPorter Stephen, Principles of
  Advanced Accounting, Minnesota, 1989.

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• APA referencing is the style followed by American
  Psychological Association. It is followed in
  science subjects and is more or less the same as
  other in-text citation styles.

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• Finally, MLA referencing is followed in all
  humanities based subjects. It simply states the
  authors name along with page number. So if the
  reference is the followingJohn Hamilton,
  Introduction to Literary Theory, London 1996Then
  simply write, (Hamilton, p. 26)

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Bibliography

• It is the final step of a dissertation. It lists
  all the references you have used in an
  alphabetical order. To make it neat and clean,
  you can further divide them into books, journals
  and internet resources.
• gtgtRead the Recapitulation in Next Slide

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Writing a dissertation A recapitulation

• Topic is supremely important. The more
  interesting your topic is the more likely you are
  to find a supervisor and funding.
• Try to formulate a strong research question. It
  should show a good grasp over your field of
  study.
• Your research chapters should be five in number.
• Each chapter should concentrate on a particular
  research theme.

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• Writing style should be clear and simple.
• Do not forget to cite all your references.
• Do a thorough proofreading and copy-editing to
  make your dissertation error-free.
• Finally, remember that your dissertation is the
  final step towards getting a PhD degree. Writing
  a successful dissertation would ensure a thriving
  career in the field of higher academia. So write
  it well.

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