That

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That 70s show

• and when I say show, I mean power-point.

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1970s Important Themes

• Hippies
• Youth rebellion against values of their parents
• Introduction to the pill
• Disillusioned youth (Vietnam)

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1970s Important facts

• Population 204,879,000
• Unemployed in 1970 4,088,000 
• National Debt 382 billion 
• Average salary 7,564 
• Food prices milk, 33 cents a qt.  bread, 24
  cents a loaf ground steak, 1.30 a pound 
• Life Expectancy Male, 67.1 Female, 74.8 

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1970s American Cultural History

• The chaotic events of the 60's, including war and
  social change, seemed destined to continue in the
  70's.  Major trends included a growing
  disillusionment of government, advances in civil
  rights, increased influence of the women's
  movement, a heightened concern for the
  environment, and increased space exploration. 
  Many of the "radical" ideas of the 60's gained
  wider acceptance in the new decade, and were
  mainstreamed into American life and culture. 
  Amid war, social realignment and presidential
  impeachment proceedings, American culture
  flourished.  Indeed, the events of the times were
  reflected in and became the inspiration for much
  of the music, literature, entertainment, and even
  fashion of the decade.

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1970s Art Architecture
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1970s Arts Architecture

• Seventies art reflected a slowing and refinement
  of some of the avant-garde trends prominent in
  the Sixties. Earth art, a movement that combined
  environmental and minimalist ideas on a large
  scale, was promoted by artists such as Michael
  Heizer, Walter de Maria, Robert Smithson, James
  Turrel, Alice Aycock, Claes Oldenburg, and
  Richard Serra. Massive earthworks such as
  Smithson's Spiral Jetty, challenged all the rules
  regarding mass, time, size, and space. Land art
  and environmental art, variations of earth art,
  were also prominent. Other notable schools of
  art were illusionism, which sought to surprise
  viewers and cause them to question their
  interpretation of reality, and photo realism and
  hyperrealism, which imitated photography, created
  by such artists as Richard Estes.
• Pop Art was still represented by artists such as
  Andy Warhol and David Hockney and George Segal
  continued to sculpt his white plaster, such as
  Three Figures on Four Benches (1979). The
  influence of the women's movement was represented
  by Lynda Benglis, Jackie Winsor, and Judy
  Chicago, who created the feminist art exhibition,
  The Dinner Party. Performance art challenged the
  traditional, stationary aspect of art. Andrew
  Wyeth began painting his Helga pictures.

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1970s Arts Architecture

• In architecture, the "modern movement" retreated
  and there was a gradual move toward architectural
  humanism and a renewed respect for traditional
  and historical design. Increasingly architects
  attempted to consider the needs and feelings of
  the people who would use their buildings.
• The historical element is evident in the pyramid
  form of San Francisco's Transamerica Building
  (William L. Pereira, 1972) and the classical
  Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans (Charles Moore,
  1979). Houston's Pennzoil Place (Philip Johnson
  and John Burgee, 1976) combined modernism with
  humanism utilizing an eight-story atrium to
  connect two trapezoid-shaped towers. Architect
  Paolo Soleri, advocated Arcology, a new theory of
  architecture embodying the fusion of architecture
  with ecology. Modernism survived in buildings
  such as the Frank Gehry House in Santa Monica,
  California (1978), and the Dallas City Hall ,
  designed by I.M. Pei (1978).

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1970s Books Literature
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1970s Books Literature

• Many of the books published in the 70's revolved
  around a general theme of man's alienation from
  his spiritual roots. John Updike portrayed
  characters trying to find meaning in a society
  spiritually empty and in a state of moral decay.
  Joyce Carol Oates wrote of the search for
  spiritual meaning in the contemporary world, and
  Kurt Vonnegut explored the loneliness of
  contemporary society and the power hungry
  materialism that pervaded it. One of the
  strongest literary voices to emerge from this
  decade was Toni Morrison, who examined the Black
  American experience as never before. The poetry
  of Rod McKuen was immensely popular. No
  playwright dominated this decade of both social
  and artistic unrest. Among the most acknowledged
  were Sam Shepherd, Lanford Wilson, David Mamet,
  Christopher Durang, and Neil Simon.

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1970s Books Literature

• Books That Define the Time
• All the President's Men - Carl Bernstein and
  Bob Woodward
• The Culture of Narcissism American Life in an
  Age of Diminishing Expectations by Christopher
  Lasch
• The Hite Report A Nationwide Study of Female
  Sexuality - Shere Hite
• I'm OK, You're OK - Thomas A. Harris
• Jonathan Livingston Seagull - Richard Bach

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1970s Education

• Two trends not directly related to education
  nonetheless heavily impacted the nation's schools
  and campuses during the Seventies. Social
  movements, particularly the anti-war movement,
  were highly visible on college and university
  campuses. The Kent State massacre was the most
  devastating event, with four students gunned down
  by Ohio National Guardsmen attempting to stem the
  anti-war demonstrations. Mandatory busing to
  achieve racial school integration, particularly
  in Boston and other Northeastern cities, often
  led to violence and a disruption of the
  educational process. On a positive educational
  note, Congress guaranteed equal educational
  access to the handicapped with the Education of
  All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

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1970s Fads Fashions
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1970s Fads Fashions

• Mood rings, lava lamps, Rubik's cube, Sea
  Monkeys, smiley face stickers, and pet rocks all
  captured the imagination of Americans during this
  decade. The wildest fad surely was streaking
  nude through very public places! Families
  vacationed in station wagons and everyone wanted
  an RV.
• The fashion influence of Sixties hippies was
  mainstreamed in the Seventies, as men sported
  shoulder length hair and non-traditional clothing
  became the rage, including bellbottom pants, hip
  huggers, colorful patches, hot pants, platform
  shoes, earth shoes, clogs, T-shirts, and gypsy
  dresses. Knits and denims were the fabrics of
  choice. Leisure suits for men became
  commonplace, and women were fashionable in
  everything from ankle-length grandmother dresses
  to hot pants and micro-miniskirts. The movie
  Annie Hall (1977) even inspired a fashion trend
  with women sporting traditional men's clothing
  such as derby hats, tweed jackets, and neckties
  worn with baggy pants or skirts.

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1970s Technology

• The floppy disc appeared in 1970, and the next
  year Intel introduced the microprocessor, the
  "computer on a chip." Apollo 17, the last
  manned craft to the moon, brought back 250
  samples of rock and soil. Unmanned space probes
  explored the moon, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Uranus,
  and Venus. The U.S. Apollo 18 and the USSR's
  Soyuz 19 linked up in space to conduct joint
  experiments. Atari produced the first low-priced
  integrated circuit TV games, and the
  videocassette recorder (VCR) changed home
  entertainment forever. Jumbo jets revolutionized
  commercial flight, doubling passenger capacity
  and increasing flight range to 6,000 miles. The
  neutron bomb, which destroys living beings but
  leaves buildings intact, was developed. In
  medicine, ultrasound diagnostic techniques were
  developed. The sites of DNA production on genes
  were discovered, and the fledging research in
  genetic engineering was halted pending
  development of safer techniques. The first test
  tube baby was born, developed from an
  artificially inseminated egg implanted in the
  mother's womb.

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1970s Technology
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1970s Events People

• During the 1970's the United States underwent
  some profound changes.
• First a Vice President and then a President
  resigned under threat of impeachment.
• The Vietnam War continued to divide the country
  even after the Paris Peace Accords in January
  1974 put an end to U.S. military participation in
  the war.
• Roe v. Wade legalized abortion.
• Crime increased despite Nixon's pledge to make
  law and order a top priority of his presidency.
• Increased immigration followed passage of the
  Immigration Act of 1965, which reformed an
  earlier policy that favored western Europeans.
  People from Third World countries came to this
  country in search of economic betterment or to
  escape political repression.

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1970s Events People

• Women, minorities, and gays increasingly
  demanded full legal equality and privileges in
  society. Women expanded their involvement in
  politics. The proportion of women in state
  legislatures tripled. Women surpassed men in
  college enrollment in 1979. However, the rising
  divorce rate left an increasing number of women
  as sole breadwinners and forced more and more of
  them into poverty. African-Americans also made
  their presence felt as the number of black
  members in Congress increased, and cities such as
  Los Angeles, Detroit, and Atlanta elected their
  first African-American mayors. Affirmative
  action became a controversial policy as
  minorities and women asserted their rights to
  jobs and quality education. Native Americans
  began to demand attention to their plight. In
  1975 the Indian Self-Determination Act encouraged
  Indians to take control of their own education
  and promote their tribal customs.

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1970s Presidents

• Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)
• Gerald Ford (1974-1977)
• Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
• Houston's U.S. Representative  Barbara Jordan
  gained national prominence with her eloquence
  during the Watergate investigation and hearings
  which resulted in impeachment proceedings against
  Nixon.

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1970s Important Events/Dates

• 22 April 1970 First "Earth Day" celebrated as
  environmental movement launched.
• 4 May 1970 Four students killed when National
  Guardsmen opened fire during anti-war
  demonstrations at Kent State University in
  Ohio.
• 24 April 1971 Huge anti-war march in Washington,
  D.C.
• 1971 Daniel Ellsberg leaks the Pentagon Papers,
  massive collection of top-secret
  government documents, whose publication
  helps to discredit the Vietnam War policies
  of the Nixon administration.
• 17 May 1972 Republican agents burglarize
  Democratic headquarters at Watergate.
• 29 May 1972 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
  (SALT I) signed by U.S. Soviets.
• 5,6 Sept 1972 Nineteen killed in terrorist siege
  at Munich Olympic Games

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1970s Important Events/Dates

• 1973 Arab oil embargo causes severe shortage
  and energy prices skyrocket
• 22 Jan 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision
  legalizes abortion
• 10 Oct 1973 Amid charges of corruption and
  scandal, VP Spiro Agnew pleads no contest to
  income tax evasion and resigns from office.
• 6 Dec 1973 Gerald Ford, congressman from
  Michigan, becomes the new vice president.
• 1974 Economy in worst recession in 40 years.
• 9 Aug 1974 Ford becomes the thirty-eighth
  president after Richard Nixon, facing
  impeachment charges, is forced to resign.
• 1975 United Nations declares International Year
  of the Woman.

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1970s Important Events/Dates

• 30 April 1975 South Vietnam falls to Communist
  forces of North Vietnam.
• 4 July 1976 The country commemorates the 200th
  anniversary of the Declaration of
  Independence with a spectacular
  bicentennial celebration.
• 1978 Residents of Love Canal, NY, evacuated due
  to dangerous toxic chemicals buried in the
  area.
• 19 Nov 1978 American religious cult leader Jim
  Jones and 900 Peoples Temple followers die in
  mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana.
• 28 March 1979 Radioactive leak at Three Mile
  Island nuclear power plant.

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1970s Important People

• Cesar Chavez Used nonviolent methods to obtain
  his goals of higher wages, health insurance,
  and other benefits for migrant workers in
  California.
• Shirley Chisholm First African-American woman
  elected to the U.S. House of Representatives
  ran for the office of President of the United
  States in 1972.
• Patty Hearst Granddaughter of newspaper mogul,
  William Randolph Hearst, kidnapped by the
  Symbionese Liberation Army, and
  subsequently participated with the SLA in an
  armed robbery of a San Francisco bank.
• Jesse Jackson A leader in the civil rights
  movement who founded PUSH (People United to
  Save Humanity) in 1971.
• George McGovern The senator from South Dakota who
  was the Democratic Party nominee for President
  in 1972.

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1970s Important People

• Karen Silkwood An employee of the Kerr-McGee
  nuclear processing plant who was killed in a
  car crash on the way to a meeting with a New
  York Times reporter to reveal evidence of
  unsafe and illegal practices at the nuclear
  plant.
• Benjamin Spock A pediatrician, author, and social
  reformer whose permissive philosophy in his
  influential book, The Common Sense of Baby
  Care, was blamed for a wide range of social
  problems in the 1970's.
• George Wallace Governor of Alabama shot and
  paralyzed from the waist down while
  campaigning for the presidency in 1972 on an
  anti-bussing, law and order platform.
• Andrew Young First African-American voted into
  the U.S. House of Representatives from the
  deep South since 1898.

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1970s Music

• By the 1970's, the term "rock roll" had become
  nearly meaningless. This decade saw the breakup
  of the Beatles and the death of Elvis Presley,
  robbing rock of two major influences. Pop music
  splintered into a multitude of styles soft-rock,
  hard rock, country rock, folk rock, punk rock,
  shock rock - and the dance craze of the decade,
  disco! But whatever sub-genre(s) you preferred,
  rock music was big business.
• Among the top names in popular music were
  Aerosmith, the Bee Gees, David Bowie, Jackson
  Browne, Alice Cooper, Eagles, Electric Light
  Orchestra, Emerson, Lake Palmer, Fleetwood Mac,
  Billy Joel, Elton John, Led Zeppelin, John
  Lennon, Pink Floyd, Bob Seger, Bruce Springsteen,
  Rod Stewart, Three Dog Night, and The Who. "Easy
  listening" regained popularity with groups such
  as the Carpenters, and Bob Marley gained a huge
  core of fans in the U.S. performing Jamaican
  reggae music.

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1970s Films
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1970s Films

• The Seventies was the decade of the big comeback
  for the movies. After years of box office
  erosion caused by the popularity of television, a
  combination of blockbuster movies and new
  technologies such as Panavision and Dolby Sound
  brought the masses back to the movies.
• The sci-fi adventure and spectacular special
  effects of George Lucas's Star Wars made it one
  of the highest grossing films ever.
• Other memorable movies were the disaster movies,
  Towering Inferno, Earthquake, Poseidon Adventure,
  and Airport.
• Sylvester Stallone's Rocky reaffirmed the
  American dream and gave people a hero with a
  "little guy comes out on top" plot.

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1970s Films

• The Godfather spawned multiple sequels.
• There also was the terror of Steven Spielberg's
  Jaws, the chilling Exorcist, and the moving
  Kramer vs. Kramer.
• There was a definite public yearning for simpler,
  more innocent times as evidenced by the
  popularity of the movies, American Graffiti and
  Grease, which both presented a romanticized view
  of the Fifties.
• Saturday Night Fever with John Travolta fueled
  the "disco fever" already sweeping the music and
  dance club scenes and the nation's experience in
  the Vietnam War and its aftermath influenced the
  themes of several movies, including Coming Home,
  The Deer Hunter, and Apocalypse Now.

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1970s Television
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1970s Television

• Television came of age in the Seventies as topics
  once considered taboo were broached on the
  airwaves for the first time.
• Leading the way was the humorous social satire of
  All in the Family which had plots on many
  controversial issues such as abortion, race, and
  homosexuality.
• Saturday Night Live also satirized topics and
  people once thought of as off limits for such
  treatment, such as sex and religion. Nothing
  was considered sacred.

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1970s Television

• Television satellite news broadcasts from the
  frontlines of the conflict in Vietnam continued
  to bring the horrors of war into the homes of
  millions of Americans and intensified anti-war
  sentiment in the country.
• The immensely popular TV miniseries Roots
  fostered an interest in genealogy, a greater
  appreciation of whites for the plight of blacks,
  and an increased interest in African American
  history.
• Happy Days, which followed the lives of a group
  of fifties-era teenagers, was TV's primary nod to
  nostalgia, while The Brady Bunch comically
  presented the contemporary family.
• The relatively new publicly funded Corporation
  for Public Broadcasting gained viewers and
  stature with such fare as Sesame Street for
  children, and live broadcasts of the Senate
  Watergate hearings.