Human Reproduction

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Human Reproduction

• Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy

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Importance of Reproduction

• Insures the survival of a species
• Involves the fusion of male and female gametes to
  produce new genetic combinations
• Humans have separate male and female reproductive
  systems
• Male gonads testes produce cells called sperm
• Female gonads ovaries produce cells called eggs
• The fusion of male and female sex cells is a
  process called fertilization
• Zygote ? Embryo ? Fetus

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Female Sex Cells Eggs

• Female gamete
• Contains nucleus and stored food called yolk
  (used as nourishment for the developing animal)
• Egg cells are microscopic (0.1mm in diameter

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Male Sex Cells Sperm

• Also microscopic (but 100 000 times smaller then
  an egg)
• Has a head, a mid-piece, and a tail
• Streamlined with only a small amount of cytoplasm
  surrounding the nucleus
• Head nucleus which contains the chromosomes, and
  an acrosome which is filled with special enzymes
  that dissolve the outer coating surrounding the
  egg and thus penetrate the egg
• Mid-piece packed with mitochondria which provide
  energy so that the sperm can move
• Flagellum long whip-like tail which enables the
  sperm to swim through liquids

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Male System ventral view
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Male System front view
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Male Reproductive System
Seminiferous tubules produces immature sperm cells
Seminal vesicle secretes fructose into the semen, which provides energy for the sperm
Epididymis matures and stores sperm cells in coiled tubules
Testes produces sperm cells produces the hormone testosterone
Vas Deferens carries sperm from the epididymis to its junction with the urethra
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Male Reproductive System Cont.
Cowpers gland secretes mucous-rich fluids into the semen that may protect the sperm from acids in the urethra
Prostate gland secretes an alkaline buffer into the semen to protect the sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina
Penis deposits sperm into the vagina during ejaculation contains the urethra
Urethra carries semen during ejaculation carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body
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Female System side view
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Female System ventral view
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Female Reproductive System
Ovaries produces the hormones estrogen and progesterone site of ova (egg cell) development and ovulation
Fimbria sweep the ovum into the oviduct following ovulation
Fallopian tubes (oviducts) carry the ovum from the ovary to the uterus usually the site of fertilization
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Female Reproductive System Cont.
Vagina extends from the cervix to the external environment provides a passageway for sperm and menstrual flow functions as the birth canal
Uterus (womb) Involved in menstruation Pear-shaped organ in which the embryo and the fetus develop
Cervix separates the vagina from the uterus holds the fetus in place during pregnancy dilates during birth to allow the fetus to leave the uterus