Mohammed A. M. Aly

1

Consumer Protection from Biotechnology by
Biotechnology

• Mohammed A. M. Aly
• Department of Arid Land AgricultureCollege of
  Food and AgricultureUnited Arab Emirates
  University

2
Why?

• The United Arab Emirates and the GCC countries
  import most of their food supplies from numerous
  sources.
• Wide spread of Genetically Modified Food.
• The search to avoid health hazards due to food
  additives.
• There is an urgent need to establish and
  implement a very strict procedure for approval to
  grow, import and/or utilize GMOs.

3
GM Food

• A novel food is
• a food that is derived from a plant, animal or
  microorganism that has been genetically modified
  such that
• The plant, animal or microorganism exhibits
  characteristics that were not previously observed
  in that plant, animal or microorganism
• The plant, animal or microorganism no longer
  exhibits characteristics that were previously
  observed in that plant, animal or microorganism
• One or more characteristics of the plant, animal
  or microorganism no longer fall within the
  anticipated range for that plant, animal or
  microorganism

4

• Genetic Engineer (Gene Cloning)
• isolate genes from any organism
• modify and manipulate these genes
• put these altered genes back into various
  organisms

5

• Examples of GMO products for agricultural use
  include
• Tomatoes - with better flavor, longer shelf life,
  thicker paste
• Corn and cotton plants with better insect
  resistance and less need for insecticides
• Canola that produces better, healthier oils, and
  oils with specialized uses
• Corn and soybeans that tolerate broad-spectrum
  herbicides such as RoundUp
• Hormones produced in bacteria to increase milk
  production in cows
• Enzymes for cheese making that are produced in
  bacteria, rather than from calves
• Cows, sheep and goats that produce therapeutic
  drugs in their milk
• Salmon that grow 3 times faster than normal

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Golden rice
Vitamin A enriched
7
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8
The Future

• The future for biotech crops looks encouraging.
• The number of biotech crop countries, crops and
  traits and hectarage are projected to double
  between 2006 and 2015.
• The second decade of commercialization in the
  developing countries, Burkina Faso and Egypt, and
  possibly Vietnam are potential candidates for
  adopting biotech crops in the next one or two
  years.
• In Australia, drought tolerant wheat is already
  being field tested.

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• By 2015, the number of farmers adopting biotech
  crops could increase up to ten fold to 100
  million, or more, assuming that only biotech rice
  will be approved in the near term.
• Genes conferring a degree of drought tolerance,
  expected to become available around 2011 will be
  particularly important for developing countries
  which suffer more from drought, the most
  prevalent and important constraint to increased
  crop productivity worldwide.
• The mix of crop traits will become richer with
  quality traits making their long awaited debut
  with implications for acceptance, particularly in
  Europe.
• Other products, including pharmaceutical
  products, oral vaccines, and specialty products
  will also be featured.

10
The most important message in the recently
published 2008 World Bank Development Report

• Agriculture for Development is that
  Agriculture is a vital development tool for
  achieving the Millennium Development Goals that
  calls for halving by 2015 the share of people
  suffering from extreme poverty and hunger (World
  Bank, 2008.

11
The Global Value of the Biotech Crop Market

• In 2007, the global market value of biotech
  crops, estimated by Cropnosis, was US6.9 billion
  representing 16 of the US42.2 billion global
  crop protection market in 2007, and 20 of the
  US34 billion 2007 global commercial seed
  market. The US6.9 billion biotech crop market
  comprised of US3.2 billion for biotech maize
  (equivalent to 47 of global biotech crop market,
  up from 39 in 2006), US2.6 billion for biotech
  soybean (37, down from 44 in 2006), US0.9
  billion for biotech cotton (13), and US0.2
  billion for biotech canola (3). Of the US6.9
  billion biotech crop market, US5.2 billion (76)
  was in the industrial countries and US1.6
  billion (24) was in the developing countries.
  The market value of the global biotech crop
  market is based on the sale price of biotech seed
  plus any technology fees that apply.
• The accumulated global value for the eleven-year
  period, since biotech crops were first
  commercialized in 1996, is estimated at US42.4
  billion.
• The global value of the biotech crop market is
  projected at approximately US7.5 billion for
  2008.

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Biotech Crops/Countries
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Constrains

• Current regulatory systems in most developing
  countries are usually unnecessarily cumbersome
  and in many cases it is impossible to implement
  the system to approve products which can cost up
  to US1 million or more to deregulate this is
  beyond the means of most developing countries.

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Some of the Major Services Needed Are

• 1) DNA database creation
• 2) Microbial screening and detection using PCR
  and DNA sequencing technology to check water and
  food,
• 3) Identification of animal species (Pork,
  Chicken, Goat, Cow, Sheep and Horse) in processed
  meat products and animal feed,
• 4) Detection of Genetically Modified (GMO)
  ingredients in food,

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Some of the Major Services Needed (cont.)

• 5) DNA fingerprinting analysis for plant and
  marine species.
• 6) Medical diagnostic services, detection of
  viral and bacterial pathogens
• 7) Training on DNA techniques
• 8) Consultancy for DNA laboratory set up

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Techniques

• PCR and Real Time PCR
• RAPD
• ISSR
• RFLP
• AFLP
• Mocroarray
• Others

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Microarray-Based Genotyping
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Regulation of GM Plants

• Safety assessment of genetically modified foods
• http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/mh-dm/ofb-bba/
  nfi-ani/e_faq_2.html
• General FAQs regarding novel foods
• http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/mh-dm/ofb-bba/
  nfi-ani/e_faq.html

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• Food Control

                               
                               
                               
                               
                               

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THANK YOU