The Development and Activation of T and B Cells

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The Development and Activation of T and B Cells
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The Clonal Selection Theory
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The Dinitrophenyl (DNP) Group
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Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
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A Model for the Cellular Basis of Immunological
Memory
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A Schematic Drawing of a Typical Antibody Molecule
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Immunoglobulin Domains
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Antibody Hypervariable Regions
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The Main Stages in B Cell Development
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Properties of the Major Classes of Antibodies in
Humans
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The Organization of the DNA Sequences That
Encode The Constant Region of an Antibody Heavy
Chain
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The V-J Joining Process Involved in Making a
Human k Light Chain
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The Human Heavy-chain Gene-segment Pool
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Antibody Gene Pool Selection in B Cell
Development
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An Example of the DNA Rearrangement That Occurs
in Class Switch Recombination
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Figure 6
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Figure 7
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Figure 8
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CD4 and CD8 Co-receptors on the Surface of T Cells
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Class I and Class II MHC Proteins
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Table 3 Two types of cloned T-cell lines on the
basis of functional phenotype and cytokines
released
Th2 (Helper)
Th1 (Inflammatory)
Function measured
B-cell proliferation
Yes
Yes
Polyclonal Ig secretion
Yes
Yes
Help for specific antibody
No
Yes
Cytotoxicity
Yes
No
Supression of Ig secretion
Yes
No
DTH
Yes
No
Cytokines released
IL-2
Yes
No
IL-3
Yes
Yes
IL-4
No
Yes
IL-5
No
Yes
IL-6
No
Yes
IL-10
No
Yes
GM-CSF
Yes
Yes
IFN-g
Yes
No
Lymphotoxin (TNF-b)
Yes
No
TNF-a
Yes
Yes
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Human MHC Genes
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T Cell Receptor Heterodimer
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One Way in Which the Innate Immune System Helps
Activate the Adaptive Immune System
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Three Types of Proteins on the Surface of
an Antigen Presenting Cell Involved in Activation
a T Cell
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The Two Signals That Activate a Helper T Cell
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Table 5 Clonal Deletion of Vb17a-positive T
cells in I-E expressing mice
Peripheral T Cells Expressing TCRs Utilizing
Vb17a ()
Mouse Strain
I-E Expression
SWR
A.
14.2
SJL
9.4
SJA
8.5
B.
SWR
0.1
SJL
0
SJA
0
SJA
0
Mature T cells with Vb17a-containing TCRs are
present in I-E- (A) but not in I-E (B) inbred
mouse stains, because these TCRs recognize an
I-E-associated self antigen and are deleted in
I-E mice. Adapted from Kappler, et al.
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Figure 14
Negative and Positive selection in anti-H-2b
transgenic mice. The anti-Ld TCR was cloned from
an H-2b T cell clone. Splenic T cells from
transgenic H-2b, H-2b x H-2d, H-2b x H-2s, H-2s x
H-2s mice were analyzed for the expression of the
transgene with anti-clonotypic and anti-CD8
antibodies. The presence of H-2d determinants
induced Negative selection and the absence of
H-2b resulted in the lack of Positive selection.
The presence of H-2b together with the absence of
H-2d resulted in Positive selcetion.
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Positive and Negative Selection in the Thymus
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The Path Followed by Lymphocytes As They
Continuously Circulate Between the Lymph and Blood