Pearl Harbor Losses

1
Pearl Harbor Losses

• Casualties
• Navy Marine
• 2117 dead
• 960 missing
• 876 wounded
• Army
• 226 dead
• 396 wounded

• 8 Battleships
• 230 Aircraft

2
Aftermath of Pearl Harbor

• U.S. Pacific Battleship fleet effectively
  destroyed
• Carriers survive and become new capital ships
• Submarines, repair facilities, and oil tanks also
  left unharmed
• Result generally not anticipated by American
  naval planners before Pearl Harbor
• Naval tactics change to support carrier strikes
• Circular formations developed to protect carriers
• U.S. declares war on Japan
• Hitler declares war on the U.S
• American public opinion changes in favor of war

3
Continued Japanese Attacks

• Malay Peninsula attacked - Dec 1941
• Guam Taken 10 Dec 1941
• Wake Island - Taken 23 Dec 1941
• Hong Kong Attacked 25 Dec 1941
• Thailand, Philippines, Borneo invaded in Dec 1941
• Singapore - 15 February 1942
• Indonesia - Southern Resources Area
• Now the Japanese had all of the oil they needed
• Further attacks?
• Southwest Pacific New Guinea and Australia
• Central Pacific and northern Pacific Midway and
  Aleutian Islands

4
Pacific Theater
Army Center for Military History
5
The Philippines
I SHALL RETURN!

• Initial strike on 8 December 1941 destroys U.S.
  aircraft
• General Douglas MacArthur evacuates Manila
• Retreats to Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor
  Island
• 12 March - MacArthur evacuates with family to
  Australia under orders from FDR in a Navy patrol
  boat
• U.S. and Filipino forces surrender on 6 May 1942
  - leads to the Bataan Death March

6
Bataan Death March
Govt. Archives Photo
Govt. Archives Photo
7
Fleet AdmiralErnest J. King

• Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINC)
• Chief of Naval Operations (March 1942)
• Proponent of changing previously agreed upon
  Germany First strategy and moving resources to
  the Pacific theatre of war

8
Fleet AdmiralChester W. Nimitz

• Admiral Chester W. Nimitz relieves Kimmel as
  Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
• Includes North, Central, and South Pacific Areas

9
U.S. Defensive Organization/ Plans

• MacArthur - Commander in Chief Southwest Pacific
  Area
• Australia, New Guineau, East Indies, and
  Philippines
• Fleet elements in this zone remained under
  Nimitz's control
• Controversial command structure
• No common superior -- two separate wars in the
  Pacific
• Overwhelming U.S. industrial and logistical
  superiority
• Allows divided command until forces converge on
  Philippines in 1944
• Post Pearl Harbor Primary Goal Hold the Line
• Guard lines of communication between Hawaii,
  Midway and Australia
• Divert Japanese drive into East Indies

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12
Doolittle Raid on Tokyo- Apr 1942

• Admiral Bull Halsey commands TF 16 - Hornet and
  Enterprise
• Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle - B-25
  Mitchells
• Early launch caused by sighting by Japanese
  pickets
• Increase in American morale
• Erases Japanese resistance to Yamamotos Midway
  plan

13
Battle of the Coral Sea 4-8 May 1942

• Japanese attempt to cut U.S. communications to
  Australia
• Japanese sent a 2 carrier strike group into the
  Coral Sea from the Eastern Solomons an invasion
  force with an escort carrier Shoho
• Nimitz sent only available carriers, Lexington
  Yorktown to block Japanese advance under Admiral
  Frank Jack Fletcher (Task Force 17)
• Pure carrier engagement first in history
  Ships never saw each other

14
Battle of the Coral Sea

• Japanese carrier Shoho sunk
• Zuikaku and Shokaku damaged
• Japanese tactical victory
• Took more kills
• Lexington sunk by torpedo and Yorktown badly
  damaged
• U.S. strategic victory
• Japanese advance temporarily halted
• Result the of Battle of the Coral Sea Yamamoto
  now believed that the American fleet had to be
  destroyed and pushed ahead his next
  offensiveMidway

15
Japanese Carrier Shokaku