Pictures for life death of solar system

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Pictures for life death of solar system
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Nebulas
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Nebula

• A cloud of dust and gas
• Mostly hydrogen and helium gas, 2 heavier
  particles
• Dark (dust) and light (gas)
• Irregularly shaped, dust and gas moving around
• Because particles have small amount of mass there
  is only a weak gravitational force exerted
  between them

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Stellar Events
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A stellar event

• A nearby supernova
• Collision with another nebula
• Collision between parts of nebula
• Provide the force needed to push a large amount
  of dust and gas towards each other, increasing
  force of gravity between particles

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Nebula Contraction
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Nebula contraction, rotation

• Force of gravity increases further as
• Distance between objects decrease
• Mass of the objects get larger
• As mass is condensed in space, it begins to
  rotate
• The greater the contraction, the greater the spin
• Shape of nebula becomes more round

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Proto-star
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Protostar

• More matter condenses towards the center of
  proto-star and surrounding disc
• The gravitational forces between particles
  increases
• Pressure builds within the dense cloud
• Temperature rise, making particles more active,
  converting gas into plasma

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Formation of planets
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Formation of planets

• The disc surrounding the Protostar begins to form
  a number of precursor planets which begin to
  capture and collide with all nearby surrounding
  fragments and dust.
• This act of building a stellar body is called
  accretion
• The disc begins to form slightly after the start
  of protostar construction

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Main sequence star
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Main sequence star

• At some point a critical amount Pressure and
  energy is reached inside the Protostar, which
  initiates nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms
• A lot of energy is released as a result of fusion
  as light and other electromagnetic radiation is
  released . The sun lights up for the first time
• The star will stay in this stage until the main
  fuel for fusion (hydrogen) is almost completely
  used up.
• Outward pressure from fusion balances
  gravitational pressure and produces a stable star
• The star exists for 80 of its life in this stage

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Red Giant

• Occurs when almost all hydrogen has been
  converted to helium
• Helium begin to fuse into carbon in suns core,
  while remaining hydrogen continues to fuse
• Result expansion of stars gas shell, with gases
  cooling as they move away from center- change in
  size and color
• When our sun goes through this stage, it will
  swallow up Mercury and burn every thing on the
  surface of Venus and the Earth
• Lasts until there is no more helium remains to
  fuse into carbon

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Planetary Nebula
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Planetary nebula

• The star runs out of major sources of energy
• Without a energy source the star loses outward
  pressure, begins to collapse inward
• The outer gas ring is no longer pulled by gravity
  towards the retracting center of the star,
  continues outward into space
• For a time hot core illuminates expanding gas
  ring( planetary nebula) as is passes the planets

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Supernova
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Supernova

• Depending its original size, the remains of the
  final collapse of the stars may trigger one last
  explosion
• The star must be much larger than our sun
• As the star collapses pressures within it get
  incredibly high and new elements are made
• New elements are made in the explosion
• As a result of the explosion, material and energy
  is flung out at the speed of light in all
  directions
• Material spreads to nearby nebulas, which may
  start to the life cycle of a star there because
  of the forces created by energy emitted from the
  supernova

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White Dwarf
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White dwarf

• Those dying stars that are not large enough to go
  supernova, form a white dwarf
• Final size is much smaller than the original,
  some no larger than the earth
• Very dense
• Still emitting energy from release of heat,
  electromagnetic radiation (looks white and shiny)

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Black Dwarf
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Black Dwarf

• Final death stage of smaller stars
• The remnants of the collapsed star with no energy
  left
• Does not emit light, providing its lack of color
• What do you think is meant by a red dwarf in
  space?

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Suns come in different sizes

• Depends on the size of the original nebula or
  amount of material
• The larger the sun, the smaller its life span
  (rate at which fuel is used)
• Yellow stars like our sun, live about 10 billion
  years
• Large ones, only a couple of hundred million
  years or less

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Our sun is an average size

• Smaller stars are more common
• Red Dwarfs have no more than 40 of the mass of
  our sun
• Small stars can live for very long, possibly up
  to a trillion years
• Not a stage of the lifecycle, but a class of star

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Star color

• Strong indication of the surface temperature of
  the star
• Blue is hottest
• White
• Yellow is medium
• Orange
• Red means lower temps

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Star classification

• Russell-Hertzsprung diagram
• Classified by color, brightness (luminosity)

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The fate of Big Stars

• Explode
• Core collapses to a neutron star or a black hole
• Bigger the core, more likely it makes a hole
• Holes are made because there is no opposing force
  to gravity

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Neutron stars

• Some stars more massive than the sun, explodes in
  a supernova, but leave behind a ultra dense
  remnant called a neutron star.
• The force of gravity can not break the neutrons
  down any further
• Remnant is composed only of neutrons squeezed
  together
• 1 sugar cube of a neutron star has the same
  weight as 1000 battleships

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Big Bang

• Start of the present version of the universe
• Occurred 15 billion years ago
• 300,000 years from start of BB, first atoms
  appear
• 1 billion years after BB, first
  protogalaxies/stars form (quasars)
• Astronomers have located Quasars that are 12
  billion lights-years away

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Galaxy

• Galaxy Large scale groups of stars that rotate
  about a common axis
• Average galaxy is 100,000 light years across and
  contains 100 billion stars
• Astronomers estimate there are between 50 billion
  and 1 trillion galaxies in existence
• More stars than grains of sand on all beaches on
  Earth

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Milky way
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Milky way
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Our galaxys name is

• The Milky Way
• 2000 light years thick
• Our sun is located about 30,000 light-years from
  the center
• Rotating, 1 cycle every 200 million years

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Quasars

• Some of the first objects formed after the
  big-bang.
• Quasi-stellar radio source
• Most distant objects observed from earth
• Move at 90 speed of light
• Star like in size, bizarre in action
• Might be the protogalaxies

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What is meant by fusion?
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Fusion

• Combining 2 or more nuclei together to create a
  large atom.
• Also called nucleosynthesis
• Requires heat higher than 18 million degrees F or
  10 million degrees C

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Where can atoms of elements be created?
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Answer

• Supernovas All natural elements
• Big suns that do not go POP all elements up to
  Iron (AT 26)
• Suns like ours can make elements up through
  Carbon (At 6)
• Tiny suns only Helium

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Does life exist outside the Earth

• Limitations

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Features of our planet that has allowed life like
us to develop

• Benefits

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What is the chance of intelligent life existing
outside of Earth?

• Limitations

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What is the chance that we will meet them?

• Limitations

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Assignments

• Read Comic
• Answer questions on handout

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1st
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2nd
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3rd
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4th
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5th
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7th
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8th
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9a
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9b
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10b
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