Bio

1
Bio E/E Warm-Up 8/26/10

• FACT Biology is the study of life.
• FACT Earth science is the study of Earths
  processes.
• ? Where did you go to middle school? What was
  the name of your science teacher last year?

2
Bio Warm-Up 8/27/10

• FACT The cytoskeleton in a cell is like a
  humans skeletonit provides strength and
  structure.
• ? What are the six steps of the scientific
  method? (PROBLEM, HYPOTHESIS, PROCEDURE,
  EXPERIMENT, RECORD DATA/OBSERVATIONS,
  RESULTS/CONCLUSION)

3
E/E Warm-Up 8/27/10

• FACT The two most common gases in Earths
  atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen.
• ? Which of the following terms are scientific
  (SI) ²?its of measurement?
• METER, GALLON, LITER, MILE, KILOGRAM, POUND

4
Bio Warm-Up 8/30/10

• FACT An enzyme is a protein that increases the
  rate of a chemical reaction and is involved in
  nearly all metabolic processes.
• ? What is the difference between a qualitative
  observation and a quantitative observation?
  (QUAL. OB. DESCRIBES APPEARANCE AND
  PROPERTIESQUAN. OB. DESCRIBES HOW MUCH,
  MEASUREMENTS)

5
E/E Warm-Up 8/30/10

• FACT The earths hydrosphere includes all of the
  water on the planet.
• ? If I wanted to find the mass of an apple, what
  SI unit would I use? (GRAM)
• ? If I wanted to find the weight of an apple,
  what SI unit would I use? (NEWTON)

6
Bio Warm-Up 8/31/10

• FACT Viruses can reproduce only when they are
  inside a host cell.
• ? In an experiment, what is a control? What is
  an independent variable?

7
E/E Warm-Up 1 8/31/10

• FACT Earths layers (from the inside out)
  include the inner core, outer core, mantle,
  crust.
• ? In an experiment, what is a control? What is
  an independent variable?

8
E/E Warm-Up 2 8/31/10

• FACT Topographic maps display elevation changes
  on Earths surface.
• ? A wooden block has a mass of 10g and a volume
  of 5cm3. What is the density?

9
Bio Warm-Up 9/1/10

• FACT A mutation is a change in a DNA strand. A
  mutation is caused by a mutagen.
• ? What is a biotic factor within an ecosystem?
  (SOMETHING ALIVE OR FORMERLY ALIVEANIMAL) An
  abiotic factor? (NOT ALIVE NEVER WAS) Give
  examples of each. (POLLUTANTS, ROCK, AIR, WATER,
  WEATHER)

10
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/1/10

• FACT Cartographers use Global Positioning
  Systems (GPS) to create accurate maps.
• ? A map scale displays 1cm30km. If
  Winston-Salem and Durham are 3cm apart on a N.C.
  map, how far apart are they in reality? (90km)

11
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/1/10

• FACT Time zones must exist because the Earth
  spins once every 24 hours. Seasons exist because
  the Earth sits upon a tilted axis.
• ? What is the westernmost city in NC on the map?
  (ASHEVILLE) Southernmost? (WILMINGTON)
  Easternmost? (KITTY HAWK)

12
Bio Warm-Up 9/2/10

• FACT The major stages of plant reprod- uction
  include pollination, fertilization, dormancy,
  dispersal, germination.
• ? What SI UNITS would be used to measure each
  of the following
• 1) the mass of an apple
• 2) the length of your desk
• 3) the temperature of this classroom
• 4) the volume of a bottle of lotion

13
E/E Warm-Up 9/2/10

• FACT Molten rock beneath Earths surface is
  called magma. Above Earths surface, it is
  called lava.
• ? 1) What would be the latitude-longitude
  coordinates of an island that was located EXACTLY
  where the equator and the prime meridian crossed
  each other?
• 2) What does the word hemisphere mean?

14
E/E Notebook Check 1 9/2/10

• 8/26, 8/27, 8/30, 8/31 1, 8/31 2, 9/1 1,
• 9/1 2, 9/2
• (8 total entries)

15
Bio Warm-Up 9/7/10

• FACT mRNA molecules that are built in the cells
  nucleus carry the DNA message from the nucleus to
  the ribosomes.
• ? Define competition. (TWO ORGANISMS GOING
  AGAINST EACH OTHER FOR RESOURCES) What are 3
  major reasons that animals compete? (FOOD/WATER,
  TERRITORY, MATES)

16
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/7/10

• FACT Atlantic Ocean hurricanes usually form
  near west Africa as a result of heavy water
  evaporation, which forms huge clouds.
• ? List 3 major interstates on which you can
  travel in North Carolina. (I-40, I-85, I-95,
  I-77)

17
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/7/10

• FACT A biotic factor is a living thing, such as
  an oak tree. An abiotic factor is non-living,
  such as air or water.
• ? Would a topographic map of Winston-Salem have
  a GREATER NUMBER or a LESSER NUMBER of contour
  lines than a topographic map of Boone? WHY?
  (BOONE IS MORE MOUNTAINOUS THAN W-S)

18
Bio Warm-Up 9/8/10

• FACT The mitochondria are referred to as a
  cells powerhouse.
• ? According to the climatogram (precipitation
  are bars and temperature is the line), is there a
  rainy season and a dry season in this biome?
  Is there a warm season and a cold season?

19
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/8/10

• FACT The San Andreas Fault is a crack in the
  Earths crust in California. Movement of the
  crust along this fault causes earthquakes.
• ? How do you represent a depression, hole, or
  lake on a topographic map?

20
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/8/10

• FACT Caves usually form within limestone rock
  because limestone is very soft and can be eaten
  away quickly by water.

? What are the elevations of A, B, C, D?
21
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/9/10

• FACT The Earths solar system is located in the
  Milky Way Galaxy.
• ? What are the 6 major steps of the scientific
  method? (review) (QUESTION, HYPOTHESIS,
  EXPERIMENT, OBSERVATIONS, RESULTS, CONCLUSION)

22
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/9/10

• FACT All regular atoms have an overall neutral
  chargethe number of electrons (-) is equal to
  the number of protons ().
• ? Name 3 common elements (atoms) that make up
  items on Earth. (HYDROGEN, BORON, SODIUM,
  ALUMINUM)

23
Bio Warm-Up 9/13/10

• FACT If pesticide were to be sprayed on plants,
  it would eventually negatively affect large
  animals more than small animals due to biological
  magnification since theyre eating more of the
  pesticide over time.
• ? Why can there NOT be a sustainable ecosystem
  containing 250 individual organisms of each
  trophic level in the food web (250 corn plants,
  250 squirrels, and 250 hawks)? If there are 250
  corn plants, about how many squirrels can be
  sustained? (25) How many hawks? (2-3)

24
E/E Warm-Up 9/13/10

• FACT Wood is a renewable resource. If used
  responsibly, trees can be grown and harvested
  without ever running out of supply.
• ?

Atom Atomic Mass p n e-
Na Sodium 11 23 11 12 11
X 17 37 18 20 17
25
Bio Warm-Up 9/14/10

• FACT Humans have 46 chromosomes per cell,
  arranged in 23 pairs. Pairs 1-22 are called
  autosomes, while pair 23 are the sex
  chromosomes.
• ? List the 3 major symbiotic relationships that
  occur in nature.
• Give an example of each.

26
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/14/10

• FACT At one time in Earths history, all 7
  continents were joined into a giant
  supercontinent, called Pangaea.
• ? Bookp. 74 1, 2, 6
• Copy down each question and write the answer!

27
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/14/10

• FACT Erosion is the movement of materials from
  one place to another by means of wind, water,
  ice, and gravity.
• ? Provide one example of a
• Mixture, Element, Solution, Compound

28
Bio Warm-Up 9/15/10

• FACT DNA copies itself in the cells nucleus
  during a process called replication.
• ? What is a niche? What is the niche of a tree
  frog in a typical North Carolina forest
  ecosystem?

29
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/15/10

• FACT Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years
  old. We know this because scientists have dated
  the oldest rocks on Earth to be this old.
• ? What types of foods do you eat that are
  acidic? (SODA, ORANGES, LEMONS, TOMATOES,
  VINEGAR, MILK) What type of health complication
  is caused by too much acid in the digestive
  system? (HEARTBURN / ACID REFLUX)

30
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/15/10

• FACT Hurricane strength is measured on the
  Saffir-Simpson scale. Category 5 hurricanes have
  the strongest winds.
• ? What are the 4 states of matter? Which state
  of matter rarely exists on Earth?

31
Bio Warm-Up 9/16/10

• FACT Mitosis is the division of a cell nucleus.
  Cytokinesis is the division of the cell itself.
• ? What is photosynthesis? What is cellular
  respiration? How are they related to one
  another? Briefly define each.

32
E/E Warm-Up 9/16/10

• FACT Groundwater resides in underground areas
  known as zones of saturation.
• ? List 5 specific kinds or names of rocks.

33
Bio Warm-Up 9/20/10

• FACT DNA is a double-stranded, twisted molecule
  called a double helix. (It looks like a spiral
  staircase.)
• ? Name at least 2 species of organisms on earth
  that can experience exponential population growth
  (never-ending, fast growth). (NOTHING)

34
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/20/10

• FACT Igneous rocks are formed in and around
  volcanoes from cooled magma and lava.
• ? Which mineral is harder chalk or gold?
  (GOLD) HOW CAN YOU TELL? (RUB THEM TOGETHERSEE
  WHICH ONE SCRATCHES THE OTHER)

35
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/20/10

• FACT The bottom of the ocean is usually very
  deep and very flat. It is called the abyssal
  plain.
• ? What is the difference between the COLOR and
  the STREAK of a mineral? (COLOR COLOR OF
  SURFACE OF MINERALSTREAK COLOR OF MINERAL WHEN
  SCRATCHED ONTO HARD SURFACE)

36
Bio Warm-Up 9/21/10

• FACT In DNA, the nitrogen base Adenine always
  pairs with Thymine, while Cytosine always pairs
  with Guanine (A-T C-G).
• ? In the U.S., the death rate is currently
  higher than the birth rate. Why, then, is the
  U.S. population still increasing? (THE
  IMMIGRATION RATE IS HIGHER THAN THE EMIGRATION
  RATE)

37
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/21/10

• FACT Salinity is the measure of the amount of
  salt dissolved in water.
• ? Why cant dinosaur fossils be found in
  igneous rock? THINK ABOUT IT!!! (IGNEOUS ROCKS
  ARE FORMED FROM MAGMA, WHICH WOULD DESTROY ANY
  FOSSILS)
• ? Are there any active volcanoes in the U.S.
  today? If so, where are they? (YES, MT. ST.
  HELENS IN WASHINGTON, YELLOWSTONE CALDERA,
  HAWAII, ALASKA)

38
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/21/10

• FACT A drought is an extended period of
  below-average precipitation. Winston-Salem is in
  danger of falling into a drought in the coming
  weeks.
• ? Sediment (like sand) is fused into a
  sedimentary rock (like sandstone) during a
  process called LITHIFICATION.

39
Bio Warm-Up 9/22/10(Period 1 Only)

• FACT The three major shapes of bacteria cells
  are cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilli
  (spiral)
• ? Draw and label a brief diagram of the carbon
  cycle. Include the following
• Pine tree wolf
• CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• C6H12O6 (glucose sugar)

40
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/22/10

• FACT A floodplain is a flat area that extends
  from a riverbank. This area usually floods
  during times of high precipitation.
• ? How could an igneous rock (such as granite)
  turn into a sedimentary rock?

41
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/22/10

• FACT Stalactites are mineral deposits that hang
  from the ceiling of a cave. Stalagmites are
  mineral deposits that rise from a cave floor.
• ? Scientists have found fossils of tropical
  plants buried in the ice in Antarctica (the South
  Pole). Explain how these fossils may have
  appeared here!!!

42
Bio Warm-Up 9/27/10(Periods 2, 5, 6 Only)

• FACT The three major shapes of bacteria cells
  are cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilli
  (spiral)
• ? Draw and label a brief diagram of the carbon
  cycle. Include the following
• Pine tree wolf
• CO2 (carbon dioxide)
• C6H12O6 (glucose sugar)

43
E/E Warm-Up 9/27/10

• FACT Barrier islands are long ridges of sand or
  sediment that are separated from the mainland.
  The Outer Banks of N.C. are barrier islands.
• ? If sandstone is squeezed and heated, a(n)
  ______________ rock will likely form. If the
  sandstone is heated so much that it melts, a(n)
  _______________ rock will likely form.

44
Bio Warm-Up 9/28/10

• FACT The major function of plant leaves is to
  trap sunlight for photosynthesis.
• ? What is biodiversity? (MANY DIFFERENT
  ORGANISMS IN AN ECOSYSTEM)

45
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/28/10

• FACT All of the land area whose water drains
  into a single stream is called the streams
  watershed.
• ? Mount Everest is constantly getting TALLER.
  The distance between Africa and North America is
  constantly GETTING WIDER. This is all due to
  CONTINENTAL DRIFT.

46
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/28/10

• FACT The Mesozoic Era is referred to as the
  age of the dinosaurs.
• ? How can a volcano in Japan affect people
  living in Winston-Salem? Be complete! (ASH FROM
  THE VOLCANO CAN BLOCK OUT THE SUN, CAUSING
  WEATHER CHANGES)

47
Bio Warm-Up 9/29/10

• FACT Taxonomy is the study of grouping and
  naming organisms based on their shared
  characteristics.
• ? A dam breaks upstream of Salem Lake and the
  ferns that grow on the banks of the lake are
  wiped out. What type of limiting factor comes
  into play in this scenario? (DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
  FLOODING/HUMAN ACTIVITY)

48
E/E Warm-Up 1 9/29/10

• FACT Soil is the loose covering of weathered
  rock and organic matter on Earths surface.
• ? What causes continental drift? (SEAFLOOR
  SPREADING)

49
E/E Warm-Up 2 9/29/10

• FACT Desertification is the process where
  useful farmland turns into desert, usually due to
  a drought.
• ? To CONVERGE means to come together. To
  DIVERGE means to move apart.

50
Bio Warm-Up 9/30/10

• FACT A vacuole is a storage tank in a cell,
  usually for food or water. Plant cells usually
  have larger vacuoles than animal cells.
• ? List one invasive species that affects an
  ecosystem in the U.S. Briefly describe how this
  species was introduced and how this species
  impacts the ecosystem.

51
E/E Warm-Up 9/30/10

• FACT Weather describes day-to-day events in the
  atmosphere. Climate describes long-range
  patterns involving temperature, precipitation,
  etc.
• ? What type of plate boundary is most likely to
  cause earthquakes? Orogeny? Seafloor spreading?

52
Bio Warm-Up 10/4/10

• FACT Sex cells are commonly referred to as
  gametes.
• ? Write a scientifically-accurate sentence
  relating invasive species to biodiversity.
  (INVASIVE SPECIES DECREASE THE BIODIVERSITY OF AN
  ECOSYSTEM.)

53
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/4/10

• FACT A wetland is an area that is covered with
  water for a large part of the year. Swamps,
  bogs, and marshes are all types of wetlands.
• ? Which material has a higher viscositypancake
  syrup or water? Is high-viscosity lava or
  low-viscosity lava more dangerous to humans?
  (LOW-VISCOSITY LAVA IS MORE DANGEROUS B/C IT
  MOVES MORE QUICKLY.) WHY?

54
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/4/10

• FACT An equinox occurs when the lengths of day
  and night are both equal12 hours each.
• ? The RING of FIRE is the area surrounding
  the Pacific Ocean where volcanoes and earthquakes
  commonly occur.

55
Bio Warm-Up 10/5/10

• FACT Mimicry is a structural adaptation that
  allows one species to resemble another species.
• ? (review) Why do populations almost always
  initially grow exponentially, but then experience
  much slower growth after a period of time?
  (RESOURCES ARE HIGH AT FIRST, BUT THEN DECLINE)

56
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/5/10

• FACT The longest number of hours of daylight in
  N.C. occurs on the summer solstice, while the
  longest number of hours of darkness in N.C.
  occurs on the winter solstice.
• ? WHERE in the United States are earthquakes
  most common? (CALIFORNIA ALASKA) WHY????
  (EARTHQUAKES OCCUR ALONG PLATE BOUNDARIES) Do
  earthquakes commonly occur in North Carolina?
  (NO, B/C N.C. IS NOT LOCATED NEAR A PLATE
  BOUNDARY)

57
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/5/10

• FACT A theory is an explanation based on many
  observations during repeated experiments.
• ? What other natural disasters can be CAUSED by
  earthquakes? (TSUNAMI, VOLCANO, LANDSLIDE,
  AVALANCHE)

58
Bio Warm-Up 10/6/10

• FACT Camouflage is a structural adaptation that
  allows an organism to blend in to the surrounding
  environment.
• ? What does a triangular-shaped age structure
  diagram tell you about the future population
  growth of a country or area? (FUTURE POP. GROWTH
  WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLOTS OF YOUNG PPL)

59
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/6/10

• FACT Cumulonimbus clouds are very tall clouds
  that are usually rich in moisture and can cause
  severe thunderstorms.
• ? What type of fault is the San Andreas fault,
  which is responsible for the many severe
  earthquakes that occur in California?
  (STRIKE-SLIP)

60
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/6/10

• FACT Desalination is a process of removing salt
  from ocean water in order to make it drinkable.
• ? Why are earthquakes usually deadlier in
  places like Haiti or Turkey (as compared to
  places like the U.S. or Japan?) (POOR COUNTRIES
  CANNOT AFFORD TO BUILD BUILDING WITH QUALITY
  MATERIALS)

61
Bio Notebook Check 2 10/7/10

• 9/13, 9/14, 9/15, 9/16, 9/20, 9/21, 9/27, 9/28,
  9/29, 9/30, 10/4, 10/5, 10/6
• (13 total entries)

62
E/E Warm-Up 10/7/10

• FACT A storm surge occurs when hurricane-force
  winds drive a mound of ocean water toward coastal
  areas, causing floods.
• ? What happens to rock when it experiences
  forces (stress) that exceeds the stress limit of
  the rock? (BREAK)

63
Bio Warm-Up 10/11/10

• FACT A pedigree is a family tree displaying the
  genetic information for a family.
• ? What are the three most common chemical
  elements found in living things? (CARBON,
  HYDROGEN, OXYGEN)

64
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/11/10

• FACT Wind is caused by the mixing of warm air
  with cold air in the atmosphere.
• ? How old is the Earth? (4.6 billion years
  4600 million years) How long have human beings
  been in existence on Earth? (2 million years)

65
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/11/10

• FACT The sun is composed mainly of hydrogen and
  helium.
• ? What is the center of a cell called?
  (NUCLEUS) (It looked like a small dot in the
  middle of the cell when you looked at it under
  the microscope.)

66
Bio Warm-Up 10/12/10

• FACT The plasma membrane of a cell is made of a
  phospholipid bilayer.
• ? What type(s) of organic molecules include
  nitrogen? (PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS) Are
  insoluble in water? (LIPIDS) Are made up of amino
  acids? (PROTEINS)

67
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/12/10

• FACT Abiotic factors are items that are
  non-living that affect an ecosystemsoil type,
  amount of precipitation, temperature.
• ? What is the Principle of Superposition?
  (OLDEST ROCKS ARE AT THE BOTTOM, YOUNGEST ROCKS
  ARE AT THE TOP)

68
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/12/10

• FACT Biotic factors are items that are living
  that affect an ecosystemplants, animals,
  bacteria.
• ? Which geologic time division is the longest?
  (EON) The shortest? (EPOCH)
• (Period, Epoch, Era, Eon)

69
E/E Warm-Up 10/13/10

• FACT Seamounts are underwater volcanoes that
  are more than 1 kilometer high. They rise up
  from the ocean floor.
• ? The principle of CROSS-CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS
  states that magma or faults that have affected a
  rock formation are YOUNGER than the rocks that
  are affected.

70
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/14/10

• FACT An acid has a pH of less than 7, a base
  has a pH of more than 7, and a neutral substance
  has a pH of exactly 7.
• ? Rank the following ecosystems in the order of
  MOST to LEAST energy available. (TROPICAL FOREST,
  GRASSLAND, DESERT)
• Desert, Tropical Forest, Grassland

71
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/14/10

• FACT A plateau is a flat region of
  high-elevation.
• ? Where on Earth do most scientists think human
  civilization originated? (AFRICA)

72
Bio Warm-Up 10/18/10

• FACT Innate behaviors, such as instincts, are
  genetic behaviors with which animals are born.
  They do not have to be learned.
• ? How does one calculate the total
  magnification of a specimen under a microscope?
  (MULTIPLY THE EYEPIECE MAG. BY THE OBJECTIVE MAG.
  10x X 43x 430x)

73
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/18/10

• FACT A nebula is a cloud of dust and gasthe
  beginnings of a star!
• ? Which era (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, or Cenozoic)
  exists at the current time? (CENOZOIC)

74
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/18/10

• FACT Supercells are the most severe type of
  thunderstorm.
• ? How many miners were rescued last week in
  Chile? (33) How many days had they been trapped
  underground? (68)

75
Geologic Time Poster

• Precambrian (Ch. 22p. 577-593)
• Bryton B., Thomas T., Grant E., Coy P., Raheem
  H., Sean C.
• Paleozoic (Ch. 23p. 601-617)
• Shamone L., Deborah B., Monte G-F., Daja G.,
  Laquanda I., Kantrell H.
• Mesozoic (Ch. 24p. 625-634)
• Paiga J., Chelsea M., Daniela V., Demario W.,
  Dequan W., Nalexia S.
• Cenozoic (Ch. 24p. 635-641)
• Garren L., Najaila M-J., German L., Juquan K.,
  Thomas M., Jordan P.

76
Bio Warm-Up 10/19/10

• FACT Quantitative data involves numbers and
  measurements. Qualitative data uses verbal
  descriptions.
• ? What two organelles are found in plant cells
  but NOT in animal cells? (CELL WALL
  CHLOROPLAST)

77
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/19/10

• FACT The first step of mapmaking for a
  cartographer is placing horizontal and vertical
  grid lines on a piece of paper, which represent
  latitude and longitude.
• ? Most scientists think that the JAW of early
  humans got smaller, which allowed their BRAIN to
  get larger and more advanced, thus making them
  smarter.

78
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/19/10

• FACT Porosity is the measure of how many empty
  spaces (called pores) that are found in a rock.
• ? Paleo means EARLY/OLD.
• Meso means MIDDLE.
• Ceno means RECENT.
• Zoic means LIFE.

79
E/E Warm-Up 10/20/10

• FACT The U.S. government has preserved natural
  resources through creation of national parks,
  national wildlife refuges, and national forests.
• ? Discovering RUST (iron oxide) in
  billion-year-old rocks is important because it
  confirms the presence of OXYGEN in Earths early
  atmosphere.

80
Poster Work 10/21/10

• 3rd period Work on posters using books
• Be sure to have
• Timeline (labeled)
• Pictures (with captions)
• Subtopic Questions/Answers
• All other required information on Poster
  Checklist
• 4th period Print out final pictures, finalize
  posters
• IF DONE, work on your 1st quarter extra credit!!!

81

• Column 1 (Missed) Question Number
• Column 2 Content Topic
• Scientific Method, Measurement Units,
  Latitude/Longitude, Topographic Maps, Chemistry,
  Rocks Minerals, Plate Tectonics/
  Volcano/Earthquakes/Mountains (PVEM), Earth
  History
• Bottom of sheet
• I did best with _____________.
• I most need to work on ____________.
• What is your goal for the final quarter in this
  class? What are you going to do differently (or
  continue to do well) in order to reach this goal?

82
E/E Warm-Up 1 10/28/10

• FACT Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria,
  break down organisms after those organisms have
  died.
• ? How does continental (LAND) differ from
  maritime (WATER)? How does polar (COLD)
  differ from tropical (WARM)?

83
E/E Warm-Up 2 10/28/10

• FACT Omnivores eat both meat AND plantsthey
  are a combination of carnivores AND herbivores!
• ? METEOROLOGY is the study of the atmosphere
  and weather events.

84
Bio Warm-Up 11/1/10

• FACT ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, is the
  main source of energy for living things. It is
  created within the mitochondria of cells.
• ? What is the purpose of the plasma membrane of
  a cell? (CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN COMES OUT OF A
  CELL) What types of cells have a plasma membrane?
  (ALL CELLS)

85
E/E Warm-Up 11/1/10

• FACT Global warming is causing coastal erosion
  to worsen. Ice is melting, which causes the sea
  level to rise, which causes more erosion.
• ? Which type of weather map displays real-time
  pictures of clouds? (SATELLITE) Which type
  displays real-time precipitation activity?
  (RADAR)

86
Bio Membrane Lab Design

• 1) Question
• How does a hypertonic solution and a hypotonic
  solution affect a simulated cell?
• 2) Hypothesis
• 3) Procedure (DETAILED SPECIFIC)
• Materials List (Cups, Distilled Water, Mass
  Balance)
• Independent Variable
• Controls
• 4) Observations (for ALL tests)
• 5) Data Table (1-2), Graph (1-2)
• 6) Conclusion (in QA formatat least 5 ?s and
  answers)

87
Bio Warm-Up 11/2/10

• FACT An angiosperm is a flowering plant, like a
  maple tree. A gymnosperm is a cone-bearing
  plant, like a longleaf pine tree.
• ? In terms of osmosis (use ____-tonic, etc.,)
  explain why it is harmful to your cells to drink
  saltwater. (SALTWATER FORMS A HYPERTONIC
  SOLUTION AROUND THE CELLWATER LEAVES TO DISSOLVE
  THE SALTCELL SHRINKS)

88
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/2/10

• FACT Tides are the periodic rise and fall of
  sea level. In North Carolina, there are usually
  two high tides and two low tides every day.
• ? List the following in order from WEAKEST to
  STRONGEST
• Category 1 Hurricane (2ND STRONGEST), Tropical
  Depression (WEAKEST), Category 5 Hurricane
  (STRONGEST), Tropical Storm (2ND WEAKE??

89
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/2/10

• FACT Photovoltaic cells, which are included
  within solar panels, convert solar energy into
  electrical energy.
• ? In North Carolina, what was the single
  biggest problem caused by Hurricanes Fran and
  Floyd? (FLOODING)

90
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/3/10

• FACT The fastest recorded wind speed on Earth
  was 316 m.p.h., which was recorded during an F5
  tornado in Oklahoma.
• ? Why can hail (frozen water) fall during a
  thunderstorm on a 90-degree summer day? (HAIL
  FORMS HIGH UP IN THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE IT IS MUCH
  COLDER)

91
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/3/10

• FACT The U.S. produces more pollution than any
  country in the world. China and India, however,
  may overtake the U.S. soon.
• ? What are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm?
  (CUMULUS, MATURE, DISSIPATION)

92
Bio Warm-Up 1 11/4/10

• FACT Translation is the process of reading DNA
  in order to build proteins, one amino acid at a
  time. This occurs in the ribosomes.
• ? What different colors make up visible
  sunlight? (RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE,
  INDIGO, VIOLET)

93
Bio Warm-Up 2 11/4/10

• FACT Chlorophyll absorbs all colors except
  green. Therefore, green light is reflected from
  plants.
• ? List the three types of passive transport
  (OSMOSIS, DIFFUSION, FACILITATED DIFFUSION) and
  the three types of active transport. (ACTIVE
  TRANSPORT, ENDOCYTOSIS, EXOCYTOSIS)

94
E/E Warm-Up 11/4/10

• FACT Igneous rocks made up of dark minerals are
  mafic, while igneous rocks made up of light
  minerals are felsic.
• ? The temperature in downtown Winston-Salem may
  be warmer than the temperature in Walkertown.
  This is because cities are HEAT ISLANDS they are
  warmer than their surroundings.

95
Bio Warm-Up 11/8/10

• FACT An allele is the version of a gene that
  you receive from a parent. Most alleles are
  either recessive or dominant.
• ? Write out the photosynthesis chemical
  equation and the cellular respiration chemical
  equation. How are they related?

96
E/E Warm-Up 11/8/10

• FACT Geothermal energy is energy produced by
  Earths naturally occurring steam and hot water.
• ? Why is the coast of North Carolina more
  susceptible to sea level rise than the coast of
  St. Lucia (or similar Caribbean islands?)
  (N.C.s COAST IS FLAT, WHILE ST. LUCIAS COAST IS
  MOUNTAINOUS)

97
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/9/10

• FACT When the forces acting on a rock exceed
  the elastic limit, the rock breaks, sometimes
  causing an earthquake.
• ? What is a tributary?

98
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/9/10

• FACT Seneca guns are extremely loud booms
  heard, usually along coastal areas. The cause of
  these sounds is unexplained.
• ? List at least 5 major rivers within N.C.

99
Bio Warm-Up 11/10/10

• FACT An adaptation is the development of a
  structure or behavior that allows an organism to
  better survive in the environment.
• ? How is photosynthesis related to ATP?
  (PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE
  FOOD.THEN, FOOD IS USED IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION
  TO MAKE ATP)

100
E/E Warm-Up 11/10/10

• FACT An adaptation is the development of a
  structure or behavior that allows an organism to
  better survive in the environment.
• ? How does a sinkhole form? Why would a
  sinkhole be more likely to form during a
  rainstorm?

101
Bio Warm-Up 11/12/10

• FACT The three major families of arthropods are
  insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
• ? Which specific part of the ATP molecule holds
  the most energy? (THE CHEMICAL BOND BETWEEN THE
  2ND 3RD PHOSPHATE)

102
E/E Warm-Up 11/12/10

• FACT The Eastern Continental Divide runs along
  the ridge of the Appalachian Mountains. Rain
  falling east of the divide flows into the
  Atlantic Ocean, while rain falling west of the
  divide flows into the Mississippi River.
• ? The Western Continental Divide runs along the
  ridge of the ROCKY Mountains.

103
Bio Warm-Up 11/15/10

• FACT DNA must be coiled tightly in order to fit
  inside a cells nucleus. Coiled DNA resides in
  chromosomes.
• ? Why do our muscles burn after a strenuous
  workout? Be specific! (LACTIC ACID IS PRODUCED
  WITHIN FERMENTATION)

104
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/15/10

• FACT A longshore current is a current flowing
  parallel to shore, commonly occurring in beach
  areas.
• ? What are humans doing on our beaches to
  increase the problems related to coastal erosion?
  (WALKING ON THE DUNES, BUILDING ON THE SHORELINE)

105
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/15/10

• FACT A chemical bond is a force that holds
  atoms together within a compound.
• ? The layer of the ocean in-between the surface
  layer and the bottom layer is called the
  THERMOCLINE.

106
Bio Warm-Up 11/16/10

• FACT A cell that contains two copies of each
  required chromosome is diploid. A cell that
  contains only one copy of each required
  chromosome is haploid.
• ? What is the major difference between DNA and
  RNA? (think about the origin of the name of each
  molecule)

107
Bio Warm-Up 11/22/10

• FACT Courtship behavior is the behavior that
  males and females of a species carry out before
  mating.
• ? Identify the following processes
• DNA?mRNA (TRANSCRIPTION)
• DNA?DNA (REPLICATION)
• mRNA?Protein (TRANSLATION)

108
Bio Warm-Up 11/23/10

• FACT Recombinant DNA is made by connecting, or
  recombining, DNA from different sources.
• ? A DNA sequence is GGGCTAACT
• CCCGAUUGA
• What is the mRNA sequence?
• What is the amino acid sequence?
• (p. 292) (PROLINE, ASPARTATE, STOP)

109
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/23/10

• FACT Primates are mammals with opposable thumbs
  and advanced eyesight.
• ? A tornado sweeps through a field of deer,
  killing them. Is this a density-independent or
  density-dependent limiting factor? WHY? (D.I.,
  BECAUSE A NATURAL DISASTER AFFECTS ALL AREAS
  REGARDLESS OF POPULATION DENSITY)

110
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/23/10

• FACT A cell is the basic unit of life. The
  nucleus is the center of a cell. DNA is
  contained within the nucleus.
• ? What type of organism can experience
  exponential (J-shape) growth without ever slowing
  or stopping? (NOTHING!B/C EVERY POPULATION
  REACHES A CARRYING CAPACITY AT SOME POINT)

111
Bio Warm-Up 11/29/10

• FACT Polygenic characteristics are influenced
  by multiple genes instead of a single gene.
  Height and skin color are examples.
• ? What amino acid is coded for by the tRNA
  molecule carrying the anticodon CCC? (GLYCINE)

112
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/29/10

• FACT A vacuole is a storage tank within a cell.
  It usually stores water, and vacuoles are
  usually bigger in plants than animals.
• ? Why do vacuoles have to be bigger in plants
  than in animals? (ANIMALS CAN MOVE TO GET WATER
  WHEN THEYRE THIRSTY, WHILE PLANTS ARE STATIONARY
  SO THEY MUST STORE MORE WATER)

113
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/29/10

• FACT The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the
  cellit turns food you eat into energy!
• ? What are 3 things that you can do to make
  more efficient use of energy? (Refer to your
  notes from Tuesday!)
• USE FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS
• RECYCLE
• USE SOLAR PANELS

114
Bio Warm-Up 11/30/10

• FACT Usually, genes have two alleles. Blood
  type, however, is determined by multiple alleles
  (more than two.) These alleles can allow the
  expression of Type A, Type B, Type AB, or Type O
  blood!
• ? The steps of a DNA double helix are made of
  nitrogen bases. What are the side rails of DNA
  made of? (DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR PHOSPHATE)

115
E/E Warm-Up 1 11/30/10

• FACT The cell membrane is the skin of a cell.
  It lets some things in but keeps others out.
• ? In a recent year, what happened to nearly
  25,000 women in India that refused to submit to
  their husbands and/or did not produce a baby boy?
  (ABUSED AND/OR BURNED)

116
E/E Warm-Up 2 11/30/10

• FACT The chloroplast of a cell converts the
  suns energy into food. Chloroplasts only exist
  in plant cells.
• ? Where in the world are you likely to find a
  population consisting of many young people and
  very few middle-aged people? WHY could this be
  happening to that population? (AFRICA, B/C
  DISEASEHIVIS KILLING MANY PEOPLE)

117
E/E Warm-Up 12/1/10

• FACT A mutation is a change in the DNA of a
  living thing. Mutations can cause disease, they
  can be beneficial, or they can be silent.
• ? In China, COAL is primarily used to heat
  homes because it is easily accessible and very
  inexpensive.

118
Bio November Notebook Check

• November
• 1, 2, 4(1), 4(2), 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 22, 23,
  29, 30
• (13 entries)

119
Bio Warm-Up 12/6/10

• FACT Mitosis results in two diploid copies of a
  diploid cell. Meiosis results in four haploid
  copies of a diploid cell.
• ? (p. 299) Why is sickled hemoglobin a problem
  for the human body? (PREVENTS PROPER BLOOD
  FLOWCAUSES SEVERE PAIN/DEATH)
• What type of mutation produces sickled
  hemoglobin? (POINT MUTATION)

120
E/E Warm-Up 12/6/10

• FACT There are 5 major classification
  categories of life on Earth Bacteria, Protists,
  Fungi, Plants, and Animals.
• ? List all planets within our solar system in
  order from closest to farthest away from the sun.
  (MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH, MARS, JUPITER, SATURN,
  URANUS, NEPTUNE, PLUTO)

121
Bio Warm-Up 12/7/10

• FACT Interphase is the period of rest, cell
  growth, and DNA/organelle replication that occurs
  in-between cycles of mitosis.
• ? What is the difference between a sister
  chromatid and a centromere? (SISTER CHROMATIDS
  ARE 2 EXACT COPIES OF A CHROMOSOME, WHICH ARE
  ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER BY A CENTROMERE)

122
E/E Warm-Up 12/7/10

• FACT Mitosis is the division of one cell into
  two identical daughter cells.
• ? How can an invasive plant like kudzu decrease
  the biodiversity of an ecosystem? (KUDZU GROWS
  OVER AND KILLS ALL OF THE NATIVE PLANTS)

123
Bio Warm-Up 12/8/10

• FACT Certain genetic diseases are referred to
  as sex-linked (or X-linked) disorders because
  they are caused by DNA defects found on the X
  chromosome. Examples include colorblindness and
  hemophilia.
• ? What two organelles can be overwhelmed when
  a cell becomes too big? (NUCLEUS PLASMA
  MEMBRANE)

124
E/E Warm-Up 12/8/10

• FACT Genetic disorders are caused by mutations
  within DNA that are passed on from parents to
  their children. There are no cures for most
  genetic disorders.
• Cystic fibrosis, Hemophilia
• ? What is Earths moon made of? (SAME MATERIAL
  AS THE EARTH)

125
Astronomy Project

• Topic 1 (The Moon)
• P. 753-767
• Bryton B.
• Sean C.
• Monte F.
• Daja G.
• Raheem H.

• Topic 2 (Terrestrial Planets)
• P. 780-785
• Deborah B.
• Demario W.
• Kantrell H.
• LaQuanda I.
• Paiga J.

126
Astronomy Project

• Topic 3 (Gas Giant Planets)
• P. 786-792
• Juquan K.
• German L.
• Shamone L.
• Chelsea M.
• Garren L.

• Topic 4 (Sun Stars)
• P. 805-825
• Thomas M.
• Najaila M.
• Jordan P.
• Coy P.
• Nalexia S.

127
Astronomy Project

• Topic 5 (Galaxies Universe)
• P. 833-851
• Thomas T.
• Daniela V.
• Dequan W.
• Grant E.

128
Bio Warm-Up 12/9/10

• FACT The Earth is approximately 4.6 billlion
  (4600 million) years old. Humans have been in
  existence on Earth for approximately 1.5 million
  years.
• ? CENTRIOLES are like the reels of the cell.
• SPINDLE FIBERS are like the fishing line of the
  cell.

129
E/E Warm-Up 12/9/10

• FACT Animals are born with innate behaviors,
  like instinct. Animals must be taught learned
  behaviors, like language.
• ? What planet within our solar system (other
  than Earth) has the highest probability of having
  life? WHY? (MARS EVIDENCE OF WATER)

130
Index Card 12/15/10

• 1) Name
• 2) Post-graduation plans (college, military,
  technical school, etc.)
• 3) If 2 is college, list 5 schools to which
  youd want to apply right now.
• 4) ??t of in-school and out-of-school sports,
  clubs, community service.
• 5) Which class are you struggling the most with
  right now?
• 6) College major and/or career ideas (at least 3)
• 7) Where do you see yourself living at age 30?

131
Bio Warm-Up 1/3/11

• FACT When a plant grows toward light, it is
  exhibiting phototropism.
• ? A source cell in the female ovary undergoes
  the process of MEIOSIS in order to become HAPLOID
  instead of diploid. Now, the resulting cells are
  ready for SEXUAL reproduction.

132
E/E Warm-Up 1 1/3/11

• FACT When a plant grows toward light, it is
  displaying phototropism.
• ? In DNA, A always matches with T and C always
  matches with G.

133
E/E Warm-Up 2 1/3/11

• FACT DNA is coiled into chromosomes, which
  reside in the nucleus of our cells. Human cells
  normally each have 46 chromosomes.
• ? DNA is made up of two strands bonded
  together. Therefore, it is commonly called a
  DOUBLE helix.

134
Bio Warm-Up 1/5/11

• FACT Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at
  specific locations. They could be used in the
  future for gene transplants.
• ? Complete the table on the following slide

135

Mitosis Meiosis
of cell divisions in 1 cycle 1 2
of cells at end of process 2 4
Chromosomes (dip or hap?) DIP HAP
Purpose BODY CELLS SEX CELLS
Phase names I,P,M,A,T,C I,P1,M1,A1,T1,P2,M2,A2,T2,C
136
E/E Warm-Up 1 1/5/11

• FACT From lowest to highest, the layers of
  Earths atmosphere are the troposphere,
  stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere,
  exosphere.
• ? What two cell organelles are ONLY found in
  plant cells? (CELL WALL AND CHLOROPLAST)

137
E/E Warm-Up 2 1/5/11

• FACT Extrusive igneous rocks are formed from
  lava, while intrusive igneous rocks are formed
  from magma.
• ? If a cell under a microscope is square in
  shape and contains a large storage tank, is it
  a plant cell or an animal cell? (PLANT)
• gtWhat is the name of the storage tank?
  (VACUOLE)

138
E/E Warm-Up 1/6/11

• FACT Earthquakes originate at a fault, which is
  a crack at which movement occurs. This
  origination point is called the focus.
• ? List the 3 major types of rock on Earth and
  briefly describe how each forms.
• IGNEOUS FROM FROM LAVA MAGMA
• SEDIMENTARY SEDIMENT UNDERGOES LITHIFICATION
• METAMORPHIC HEAT PRESSURE

139
Bio Warm-Up 1/7/11

• FACT Isolation must occur in order for one
  species to ever evolve into two separate species.
  Isolation is most commonly geographical.
• ? (review) What are the 3 most common chemical
  elements in the human body? (HYDROGEN, OXYGEN,
  CARBON)

140
E/E Warm-Up 1/7/11

• FACT A cold front is represented on a map by a
  line with blue triangles, while a warm front is
  represented by a line with red semi-circles.
• ? The approximate coordinates for N.C. are 35o
  N, 84o W
• Which number is latitude? (35)
• Which is longitude? (84)
• What important info is missing from this data?
  (DIRECTIONS)

141
Bio Warm-Up 1/14/11

• FACT A nucleotide is the building block of DNA
  RNA. It is composed of 1 nitrogen base (A, C,
  G, T/U), 1 sugar, 1 phosphate.
• ? (review) Two plants are placed in two
  different roomsone with a fluorescent light and
  one with complete darkness. What is the
  independent variable? (THE LIGHT) What is the
  dependent variable? (PLANT GROWTH)

142
(No Transcript)
143

• Invasive species (kudzu, etc.)
• Limiting factors (disease, crowding, natural
  disasters, etc.)
• Age structure diagrams
• Bioaccumulation
• Pop. Vs. Comm. Vs. Ecosystem

144
Bio Midterm Review ?s

• NC14 2 NC22 2, 3, 4
• NC15 1, 2, 5 NC23 1
• NC16 3, 4 NC24 1, 4
• NC17 2, 3 NC27 1, 2, 3, 4
• NC18 1, 3, 4, 5 NC30 2, 3
• NC19 1, 3, 4 NC31 2, 4
• NC20 1, 2, 3, 4
• NC21 1, 2, 3

145
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/2/11

• FACT Earth science is the study of Earths
  processes.
• ? Where did you go to middle school?
  (JEFFERSON) What was the name of your science
  teacher last year?

146
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/2/11

• FACT Geology, Astronomy, Oceanography, and
  Meteorology are four major categories of Earth
  Science.
• ? What is the web address for Mr. Mercers
  website? www.wsfcs.k12.nc.us/Domain/861
• List 2 items that can be found on the website.
  (CLASS NOTES, WEB LINKS, WARM-UPS)

147
Bio Warm-Up 2/1/11

• FACT A genotype describes the genetic
  characteristics of an organism, while a phenotype
  describes the physical characteristics.
• ? What is a pedigree? (GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION
  OF GENETIC INHERITANCE)

148
Bio Warm-Up 2/2/11

• FACT A person receiving two different alleles
  from their parents are heterozygous for that
  gene.
• ? A person receiving two of the same alleles
  from their parents are HOMOZYGOUS for that gene.

149
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/3/11

• FACT The two most common gases in Earths
  atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen.
• ? Which of the following terms are scientific
  (SI) units of measurement?
• METER, LITER, KILOGRAM

150
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/3/11

• FACT The earths hydrosphere includes all of the
  water on the planet.
• ? If I wanted to find the mass of an apple, what
  SI unit would I use? (KILOGRAMS OR GRAMS)
• ? If I wanted to find the weight of an apple,
  what SI unit would I use? (NEWTON)

151
Bio Warm-Up 2/3/11

• FACT Gregor Mendel is considered the father of
  genetics.
• ? A) HH 1) Phenotype (B)
• B) Curly Hair 2) Genotype (A, C, D)
• C) Hh 3) Homozygous (A, D)
• D) hh 4) Heterozygous (C)
• (THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE CORRECT MATCH PER
  TERM)

152
Bio Warm-Up 2/4/11

• FACT Heredity is the passing of characteristics
  from one generation to the next.
• ? When a pure green-seeded plant is crossed
  with a pure yellow-seeded plant, all of the
  offspring have yellow seeds. What is the
  genotypic ratio and the phenotypic ratio of the
  offspring of two yellow-seeded plants that are
  both heterozygous for the seed color gene?

153
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/4/11

• FACT Earths layers (from the inside out)
  include the inner core, outer core, mantle,
  crust.
• ? In an experiment, what is a control? (WHAT
  STAYS THE SAME IN AN EXPT.) What is an
  independent variable? (THE ONE THING THAT YOU
  CHANGE IN AN EXPT.)

154
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/4/11

• FACT Topographic maps display elevation changes
  on Earths surface.
• ? A wooden block has a mass of 10g and a volume
  of 5cm3. What is the density?
• (2 g/cm3)

155
Bio Warm-Up 2/7/11

• FACT A chart picturing all chromosome pairs in
  a human cell is called a karyotype.

156
Bio Warm-Up 2/7/11

• ? Sickle cell anemia is considered to be a
  genetic disorder characterized by incomplete
  dominance. Lets use the letters NN for someone
  without sickle-cell, NA for someone heterozygous
  for sickle-cell, and AA for someone fully
  affected by sickle-cell. What is the genotypic
  ratio for the offspring of a person heterozygous
  for sickle-cell mating with a person that has
  sickle-cell disease?

157
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/7/11

• FACT Cartographers use Global Positioning
  Systems (GPS) to create accurate maps.
• ? A map scale displays 1cm30km. If
  Winston-Salem and Durham are 3cm apart on a N.C.
  map, how far apart are they in reality? (90km)

158
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/7/11

• FACT Time zones must exist because the Earth
  spins once every 24 hours. Seasons exist because
  the Earth sits upon a tilted axis.
• ? What is the westernmost city in NC on the map?
  Southernmost? Easternmost?

159
Bio Warm-Up 2/8/11

• FACT The environment can have a major effect on
  the expression of genes. An arctic fox has
  white fur color genes, yet is only white during
  cold weather.
• Colorblindness is a sex-linked (a.k.a. X-linked)
  trait. This means that the defective gene
  leading to colorblindness is located on the X
  chromosome. Why, then, are MALES usually the
  gender affected by colorblindness instead of
  FEMALES, even though the defective gene is
  located on the X (female) chromosome? (MALES
  ONLY HAVE ONE X, WHILE FEMALES HAVE A BACKUP X)

160
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/8/11

• FACT Molten rock beneath Earths surface is
  called magma. Above Earths surface, it is
  called lava.
• ? 1) What would be the latitude-longitude
  coordinates of an island that was located EXACTLY
  where the equator and the prime meridian crossed
  each other? (Oo, Oo)
• 2) What does the word hemisphere mean? (HALF
  OF A CIRCLE)

161
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/8/11

• FACT Atlantic Ocean hurricanes usually form
  near west Africa as a result of heavy water
  evaporation, which forms huge clouds.
• ? List 3 major interstates on which you can
  travel in North Carolina. (I-85, I-40, I-77)

162
E/E Warm-Up 2/9/11

• FACT A biotic factor is a living thing, such as
  an oak tree. An abiotic factor is non-living,
  such as air or water.
• ? Would a topographic map of Winston-Salem have
  a GREATER NUMBER or a LESSER NUMBER of contour
  lines than a topographic map of Boone? WHY?
  (BOONE HAS MORE LINES, B/C ITS IN THE MOUNTAINS)

163
Bio Warm-Up 2/10/11

• FACT The Human Genome Project mapped the entire
  DNA sequence on all 46 human chromosomes. (This
  is very valuable for future genetic research!)
• ? Are most genetic diseases dominant or
  recessive? Why does this make sense?
  (RECESSIVE, B/C MOST GENETIC DISEASES ARE VERY
  RARE)

164
E/E Warm-Up 2/10/11

• FACT The San Andreas Fault is a crack in the
  Earths crust in California. Movement of the
  crust along this fault causes earthquakes.
• ? How do you represent a depression, hole, or
  lake on a topographic map?

165
Bio Warm-Up 2/14/11

• FACT Polygenic inheritance occurs when more
  than one gene controls a trait, such as skin
  color or height. Phenotypic ratios are usually
  represented by a bell curve.
• ? Yesterday Sarah, who has type O blood, had a
  child named Brianna. Brianna also has type O
  blood. Approximately 9 months ago, Sarah was a
  bit promiscuous and does not know if Austin (type
  A blood) or Matt (type AB blood) is the father.
  Using Punnett Squares, complete a paternity test
  to determine who is Briannas father.

166
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/14/11

• FACT Caves usually form in limestone rock
  because limestone is very soft and can be eaten
  away quickly by water.
• ? What are the elevations of A-0, B-10, C-15,
  D-20?

167
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/14/11

• FACT The Earths solar system is located in the
  Milky Way Galaxy.
• ? What are the 6 major steps of the scientific
  method? (review)
• QUESTION, HYPOTHESIS, EXPERIMENT, OBSERVATION,
  RESULTS, CONCLUSION

168
E/E Warm-Up 2/15/11

• FACT All regular atoms have an overall neutral
  charge the number of electrons (-) is equal to
  the number of protons ().
• ? Name 3 common elements (atoms) that make up
  items on Earth. (use p. 917 to remind you!)
  (OXYGEN, NITROGEN, COPPER, CALCIUM, CARBON)

169
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/16/11

• FACT Wood is a renewable resource. If used
  responsibly, trees can be grown and harvested
  without ever running out of supply.
• ?

Atom Atomic Mass p n e-
Na 11 23 11 12 11
X 18 38 18 20 18
170
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/16/11

• FACT Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years
  old. We know this because scientists have dated
  the oldest rocks on Earth to be this old.
• ? What types of foods do you eat that are
  acidic? (HOT SAUCE, PICKLES, LEMON)What type of
  health complication is caused by too much acid in
  the digestive system? (HEARTBURN)

171
Bio Warm-Up 2/16/11

• FACT Huntingtons Disease is an example of a
  dominant genetic disorder, while Cystic Fibrosis
  is an example of a recessive genetic disorder.
• ? Johnny has hemophilia. His sister does not
  have hemophilia. Neither of his parents have
  hemophilia. Draw a (small) pedigree WITH
  GENOTYPES labeled for all four family members.

172
E/E Notebook Check 2/17/11

• 2/2 1, 2/2 2, 2/3 1, 2/3 2,
• 2/4 1, 2/4 2, 2/7 1, 2/7 2,
• 2/8 1, 2/8 2, 2/9, 2/10, 2/14 1,
• 2/14 2, 2/15, 2/16 1, 2/16 2
• (17 total entries)

173
Bio Warm-Up 2/17/11

• FACT Evolution occurs when the allele frequency
  of a gene changes. (When the frequency of T
  increases and t decreases, the population gets
  taller.)
• ? 1) Cystic Fibrosis-C A) Incomplete Dom.
• 2) Huntingtons-B B) Autosomal
  Dominant
• 3) Hemophilia-D C) Autosomal Recessive
• 4) Sickle Cell-A D) X-linked

174
Bio Warm-Up 2/18/11

• FACT Reflex action is an innate behavior.
  Language is a complex learned behavior.
• ? Does this pedigree show an x-linked,
  autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive trait?
  How do you know?

175
E/E Warm-Up 2/18/11

• FACT Igneous rocks are formed in and around
  volcanoes from cooled magma and lava.
• ? Which mineral is harder chalk or gold?
  (GOLD) HOW CAN YOU TELL? (RUB THEM
  TOGETHERCHALK WILL BE SCRATCHED)

176
Bio Warm-Up 2/21/11

• FACT Fermentation occurs in an anaerobic
  environment as an alternative to cellular
  respiration.
• ? What is the difference between a POLYGENIC
  trait (A TRAIT CONTROLLED BY MORE THAN ONE GENE)
  and a trait characterized as having MULTIPLE
  ALLELES (A TRAIT CONTROLLED BY MORE THAN TWO
  ALLELES)?

177
E/E Warm-Up 2/21/11

• FACT Hurricane strength is measured on the
  Saffir-Simpson scale. Category 5 hurricanes have
  the strongest winds.
• ? What are the 4 states of matter? (SOLID,
  LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA) Which state of matter rarely
  exists on Earth? (PLASMA)

178
Bio Warm-Up 2/22/11

• FACT A clone is a genetically-identical copy of
  an organism or gene.
• ? 1) What are some examples of inbreeding being
  used to benefit human beings? (DOGS, COWS,
  HORSES, CHICKENS, RACING CAMELS, RABBITS) Why is
  this harmful to the organisms involved?
• 2) What are some examples of genetically-altered
  organisms? (TOMATOES, CORN, SOYBEANS, WHEAT) (at
  least 3)

179
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/22/11

• FACT The bottom of the ocean is usually very
  deep and very flat. It is called the abyssal
  plain.
• ? What is the difference between the COLOR and
  the STREAK of a mineral? (COLOR OUTSIDE, STREAK
  POWDERED FORM)

180
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/22/11

• FACT Groundwater resides in underground areas
  known as zones of saturation.
• ? List 5 specific kinds or names of rocks.
• (GRANITE, MARBLE, SLATE, LIMESTONE, SANDSTONE)

181
Bio Warm-Up 2/23/11

• FACT Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a
  method of replicating DNA very quickly so that it
  can be used for genetic tests.
• ? 1) RESTRICTION ENZYMES cut DNA at certain,
  specific locations.
• 2) TRANSGENIC organisms contain genes from a
  completely different species of organism.

182
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/23/11

• FACT Salinity is the measure of the amount of
  salt dissolved in water.
• ? Why cant dinosaur fossils be found in
  igneous rock? THINK ABOUT IT!!! (IGNEOUS ROCK
  IS MADE OUT OF LAVA, SO ANY BONES WOULD HAVE BEEN
  DESTROYED)

183
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/23/11

• FACT A drought is an extended period of
  below-average precipitation. Winston-Salem is in
  danger of falling into a drought in the coming
  weeks.
• ? Are there any active volcanoes in the U.S.
  today? (YES) If so, where are they? (HAWAII,
  ALASKA, OREGON, WASHINGTON)

184
Bio Notebook Check 2/24/11

• 2/1, 2/2, 2/3, 2/4, 2/7, 2/8, 2/10, 2/14, 2/16,
  2/17, 2/18, 2/21, 2/22, 2/23
• (14 total entries)

185
E/E EOQ-1 Review

• Choose 1 chapter that we have covered so
  farChapter 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5!!!
• Write on ONE sheet of paper
• List 3 main ideas from your chapter.
• List and define 5 IMPORTANT vocabulary words from
  your chapter.
• Copy (or create your own) diagram or chart
  representing your chapter.

186
E/E Warm-Up 1 2/25/11

• FACT A floodplain is a flat area that extends
  from a riverbank. This area usually floods
  during times of high precipitation.
• ? How could an igneous rock (such as granite)
  turn into a sedimentary rock? (WEATHERING)
• ? Sediment (like sand) is fused into a
  sedimentary rock (like sandstone) during a
  process called LITHIFICATION.

187
E/E Warm-Up 2 2/25/11

• FACT Barrier islands are long ridges of sand or
  sediment that are separated from the mainland.
  The Outer Banks of N.C. are barrier islands.
• ? If sandstone is squeezed and heated, a(n)
  METAMORPHIC rock will likely form. If the
  sandstone is heated so much that it melts, a(n)
  IGNEOUS rock will likely form.

Slide 188