George Washington Carver

1
Visions to Inventions by African Americans in
Science

• By Joshua Seals, Michelle Jones, Ariassa Wilson,
  and Noli James

2
Percy Lavon Julian

• Born April 11th, 1899 Montgomery
  Alabama(1899-1975)
• African American Chemist
• Isolated and experimented simple compounds in
  natural products that changed into chemicals of
  importance to life
• Synthesized progesterone and testosterone

3
Education

• Graduated from the State Normal School for
  Negroes in 1916
• Graduated Phi Beta Kappa and was valedictorian of
  the 1920 class of DePauw University
• In 1923, he received a master's degree in
  chemistry at Harvard University
• Earned a Ph. D. in organic chemistry in 1931 from
  the University of Vienna

4
Accomplishments

• Was named Chicago's Man of the Year (1950) by
  the Jaycees and Chicago Sun-Times
• Artificially created physostigmine
• Became director of chemicals development of the
  Glidden Company in Chicago
• Refined a soya protein (became Aero-Foam)

5
Otis Boykin 1920-1982 Inventor Engineer

EDUCATION
WORK
Fisk University- (graduated 1941) Institute of
Technology (Chicago, Illinois) 1946- 1947.
Laboratory Assistant Testing automatic controls
for aircraft with the Majestic Radio and TV
Corporation in Chicago. Research engineer with
the P.J. Nilsen Research Laboratories.
Develop his own business a founded Boykin-Fruth,
Incorporated.
6
Inventions
The Resistor
Pacemaker
What it did- Improved computers, radios, and
televisions used in guided missiles. What is a
resistor?- An electronic component used to slow
the flow of an electrical A chemical air filter
A burglarproof cash register Resistor of all
resistors! Cheaper to build made, able to
hold up against extreme changes in temperature
Control
unit for the pacemaker that stimulate s the heart
and create a steady heartbeat What is a
pacemaker? The device uses electrical impulses
to maintain a steady heartbeat (black
inventors) Used all over the world, helping keep
people alive such as Lance
Armstrong Unfortunately Otis died of heart
complications
7
Accomplishments
Received a patent for a wire precision resistor
on June 16, 1959.- used for televisions and
radios Received orders from consumer electronics
manufacturers, the United States military and
electronics behemoth IBM. 1964, Boykin lived in
Paris, inventing electronic innovations for a new
crowd of customers. Most famous for pace maker
component. He among others are proof that hard
work makes dreams come true!
8
George Washington Carver 1860 1943

• US agricultural chemist
• Advocated the diversification of crops
• Promoted peanut production
• Pioneer in the field of plastics

9
EducationGeorge Washington Carver

• 1890 - Enrolled at Simpson College to study piano
  and art
• 1891 - Transferred to State Agricultural College,
  Ames, IA
• 1894 - Earned Bachelor of Agriculture Degree at
  Ames
• 1894 - Appointed member of faculty, Iowa State
  College
• 1896 - Earned Master of Agriculture Degree, Iowa
  State College
• 1896 - Went to Tuskegee Institute and became
  Agriculture Director

10
ResearchGeorge Washington Carver

• soil analysis, crop management, control of plant
  diseases
• promoted soil diversification and adoption of
  peanuts, soybeans, and other soil-enriching crops
• developed 108 products using sweet potatoes, 325
  products using peanuts, and 75 products using
  pecans
• came up with a process for creating a plastic
  material from soybeans
• responsible for the invention in 1927 of a
  process for producing paints and stains from
  soybeans

11

• 1883 1941
• Born in Charleston, South Carolina into poor
  family
• American biologist, zoologist, physiologist
• Performed pioneering research in fertilization,
  experimental parthenogenesis, and cell physiology
• Made many discoveries relating to cell behavior

12
Education Achievements

• 1907 Graduated from Dartmouth University with a
  B.A. in Biology and minored in Greek and history.
  Graduated Magna cum lade.
• 1909 Began teaching at Howard University in
  Washington, D.C.
• Conducted research at Marine Biology Laboratory
  in Woods Hill, Massachusetts.
• 1915 First recipient of The National Association
  for the Advancement of Colored Peoples Spingarn
  Medal.
• 1916 First African American to receive Ph. D
  degree in experimental embryology at University
  of Chicago. Graduated magna cum lade.
• 1938 Just was invited to the Kaiser Wilhelm
  Institute in Berlin.
• Due to the time, struggled with racism, funding,
  discrimination due to being an black scientist.

13
Accomplishments

• Made leeway in research of fundamental problems
  in cell biology, specifically parthenogenesis.
• Studied Morphology, and how living cells
  reproduce themselves
• Successfully challenged Jacques Loeb's theory of
  artificial parthenogenesis. Just came to the
  conclusions
• Cells performing asexual fertilization do so
  naturally the ectoplasm of the cell contains all
  tools needed.
• Lab factors for egg experimentation should be as
  close as possible to those found in nature.
• Further led to his conclusion, that in any
  species the eggs structure was just as important
  as any external factor for development.
• Published his work Basic Methods for Experiments
  on Eggs of Marine Animals. This work created new
  scientific area ecological developmental
  biology.
• His research on marine invertebrates was well
  respected, and he was considered an authority .
• 1939 Published The Biology of the Cell Surface,
  which argues how life is derived from complex
  organic structure.

14
References

• Internet www.biography.com/articles/Percy-Julian-
  9359018 Retrieved- January 22, 2010
• Internet
• http//www.bookrags.com/biography/percy-lavon-juli
  an-woi/
• Retrieved- January 22, 2010

15
References (pt.2)

• Internethttp//www2.chemistry.msu.edu/Portraits/i
  mages/julianc.jpg Retrieved- January 26, 2010
• Internethttp//www.depauw.edu/acad/chemistry/imag
  es/DrPercyJulian01.jpg Retrieved- January 26,
  2010
• Internethttp//www.ed.psu.edu/educ/pssc/images/ha
  nd_diploma.jpg Retrieved- February 1, 2010

16
References (pt.3)
http//www.blackhistorypages.net/pages/oboykin.php
- http//www.blackinventor.com/pages/otisboykin.h
tml - http//personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/H
.M/UGLabs/images/resistor_packages.jpg
http//www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/imagecache/ne
ws/files/20080313_pacemaker.jpg
17
References (pt.4)

• Library Digital Collections - http//www.lib.iasta
  te.edu/spcl/gwc/bio.html
• "The Plant World - What Were Some Of The
  Accomplishments Of George Washington Carver?."
  Science Fact Finder. Ed. Phillis Engelbert.
  UXL-Gale, 1998. eNotes.com. 2006. 24 Jan, 2010
  lthttp//www.enotes.com/science-fact-finder/plant-
  world/what-were-some-accomplishments-george-washin
  gtongt
• Tuskegee University - http//www.tuskegee.edu/Glob
  al/story.asp?S1106545navmenu200_2
• Website of The Shroder Group www.biologie.uni-frei
  burg.de/data/bio2/schroe. 27, Feb. 2008.

18
References (pt.5)

• Bianco, D. (2010). Answers.com. Retrieved
  February 10, 2010, from Answers Corporation
  http//www.answers.com/topic/ernest-everett-just-1
  
• Grey, M. (2007, February). Black History Month.
  Retrieved February 10, 2010, from Time, Inc.
  http//www.time.com/time/2007/blackhistmth/bios/08
  .html
• How Stuff Works. (2010). Retrieved February 10,
  2010, from How Stuff Works, Inc.
  http//science.howstuffworks.com/american-biologis
  ts/ernest-everett-just-info.htm
•   http//www.ls.cc.al.us/blackhistory/Ernest_Evere
  tt_Just.jpg
• http//images3.wikia.nocookie.net/westwing/images/
  b/b6/Dartmouth.gif
• http//events.stanford.edu/events/172/17231/NAACP-
  logo-sq.jpg
• http//www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img
  0136.jpg
• http//www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu/mbl/membio/cartoon2.gi
  f