Judaism

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Judaism
By Abby Flaxer, Brittany Kamson and Maddie Zide

• The development and spread of Judaism from
  1800B.C.E. to 1949 C.E.

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Jewish holidays
Rosh Hashanah symbolized with honey and apples
for a sweet new year.
The Jewish star
Matzah and wine the common food eaten during
Passover.
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Jewish traditions
During a bar/bat mitzvah, young adults begin to
observe commandments.
Jewish wedding chair and napkin ceremony
Only Kosher foods can be eaten.
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Where can Judaism be found?
Flag of Israel
Map of Israel
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Chronology

• 1800 BCE- Time of Abraham and Sarah
• 587 BCE- King Nebuchadnezzar takes over Palestine
  and makes the Jews slaves
• 539 BCE- Cyrus takes over Palestine and frees the
  Jews
• 500 BCE- The idea of a messiah develops
• 450 BCE- Torah begins to become recognized as
  scripture
• 424 BCE- Megillah written
• 332 BCE- Alexander the Great takes over and
  recognizes Judaism as a religion. During the
  Hellinization period, the Jewish community in
  Alexandria develops to create a separation
  between liberal and conservative Jews
• 201 BCE- Prophets begins to become recognized as
  scripture
• 70 CE- Start of the exile (Diaspora)
• 117-114- Jews revolt against Rome, resulting in
  the destruction of The Great Synagogue, the Great
  Library in Alexandria, and the Jewish community
  in Cyprus

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Chronology (cont.)

• 500- Ostrogoth king Theodoric says that Jews can
  live safely in Italy
• 1492- Jews expelled from Spain by Ferdinand and
  Isabella
• 1497- Jews expelled from Portugal
• 1800s- Orthodox and Reform Judaism begins
• 1900s- Conservative Judaism begins
• 1910- Jews granted full equality in Spain
• 1938- Holocaust begins
• 1948- Modern state of Israel founded

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Middle East(Mizrachi)
Political Monarchy, King David and Solomon of Israel Served as advisors to the elite class Intellectual Medicine and philosophy flourished
Religion Yeshivas The celebration of the liberation of ancient Iranian Jews around 536 B.C.E. is celebrated in the festival Purim Arts/Architecture Menorah Drawing and sculpting was against the second amendment Western Wall in the Old city of Jerusalem, part of the first temple destroyed in 70 C.E. Jewish temple
Technology Hebrew writing system Babylonian Talmud created in 6th century Economy Spoke Judeo-Arabic, a mix of Hebrew and local Arabic Participated in commerce
Society Were citizens of the second-class
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Western Europe(Sephardic)
Political Had administrative control the affairs of their communities Had a court system and rabbis served as judges Intellectual Contributed to the botany, geography, medicine, mathematics, poetry and philosophy of Spain Had a secular education
Religion During Passover, they may eat rice, corn, peanuts and beans They celebrate the Jewish expulsion from Spain in 1492 with the holiday Tisha BAv Arts/Architecture Menorah Passover Sedar plate Synagogue
Technology Hebrew writing system Economy Spoke Ladino, a blend of Hebrew and Spanish Economic expansion was unequalled
Society Spoke Ladino, a blend of Hebrew and Spanish Wore the clothing style of Moorish neighbors except they werent allowed to wear fur or silk Became poorer in 18th century
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Eastern Europe(Ashnezic)
Political Had an independent, self-governing body for every city Had laws made by elected board and judicial courts. Elected board of trustees to look over education, set up taxes and deal with other areas of life Renaissance and religious wars in late 16th century Intellectual Boys older than 13 learned Talmudic and rabbinic texts. Education was usually oral discussion In the 10th century, began focusing on biblical and Talmudic studies
Religion Focused on Jewish sources, ideas and customs instead of following outside influences During Passover, not allowed to eat peanuts, corn, beans and rice Arts/Architecture Menorah Passover Sedar plate Jewish church is called a shul
Technology Hebrew writing system Economy First pioneers of commerce in 10th and 11th century for Ashnezic Jews because of connections with the Mediterranean and the East Spoke Yiddish Were craftsman and artisans. Also owned vineyards and made wine.
Society Lived in small towns were majority of people were Jewish Jews were largely middle class
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Change over time

• As Jews started to become influential, leaders of
  empires and empires (Nebuchadnezzar, Ferdinand,
  Romans) realized that they were gaining too much
  power and punished them. As time went on, the
  punishment went from destroying their culture in
  the area to completely exiling them from the
  country.
• More and more works started to become recognized
  as important scripture
• As time goes on, the founding ideas start to
  develop even more. It starts with simply
  believing in one god (monotheism), adds the idea
  that one day the messiah will come, and then
  finally adds the rules and regulations that are
  in place today (such as the laws of keeping
  kosher).
• From the time of the Orthodox movement to the
  Reform movement, the ideas of Judaism became less
  strict.
• From the time of the Reform movement to the
  Conservative movement, the ideas became more
  strict. However, this does not mean that the
  whole religion changed. It simply meant that new
  sects were created and people were free to choose
  which sect represented their beliefs the best.
• As time progressed, people became more accepting
  of the Jews and no longer exiled them

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Comparisons

• The Sephardic Jews of western Europe had less
  segregation and oppression with non-Jews than the
  Ashkenazic Jews of eastern Europe did. The
  Ashkenazic Jews had tension with Christians and
  they were isolated from their non-Jewish
  neighbors. There was also a separation with the
  Jews of Spain from non-Jews.
• The Sephardic Jews have different pronunciations
  of certain consonants and vowels than the
  Ashkenazic Jews.
• The prayers for the Sephardic and the Ashkenazic
  Jews are slightly different and they also have
  different melodies for songs in their services.
• All Jewish people had a building where everyone
  came together for religious purposes. For
  different types of Jews were different names for
  this building like synagogue, shul or temple.
• The Jews lived in separate courters in Spain and
  in eastern Europe. In Spain , the areas the
  Jewish lived in were called aljamas while in
  eastern Europe they were called shetls.

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Comparisons (cont.)

• The Sephardic Jews were greatly influenced by the
  Muslims and had Arabic prayers instead of Hebrew
  or Spanish prayers. They washed their hands and
  feet before entering a synagogue which is also
  another custom they borrowed.
• World War II affected the Jewish in Europe,
  though mostly in Eastern Europe near Germany and
  Poland. There were similar wars in other areas
  with Jewish people. The Jews were exiled out of
  Spain and also out of Israel.
• One of the main differences between the Sephardic
  and the Ashkenazic Jews was the food eaten during
  Passover. The Sephardic Jews were allowed to eat
  beans, rice, corn and peanuts while the
  Ashkenazic Jews were not.

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Uses in the world today

• Many of the religious holidays are still observed
  in 2010 including Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New
  Year), Yom Kippur (fasting), Hanukah (Jewish
  Christmas), and Passover.
• Traditions such as the veil being placed over a
  brides head is still in remembrance of the
  marriage of Rebecca and Isaac.
• Bar and Bat mitzvahs are still used as a coming
  of age ceremony.
• Kosher is still used today. Meat and dairy cannot
  touch and separate dishes must be used if both
  are being served.

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Bibliography

• http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Histor
  y/Jerusalem.html
• http//www.jewfaq.org/toc.htm
• http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judais
  m/Ashkenazim.html
• http//www.jewish-art.org/ancient-jewish-art.html
• ttp//www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/religion/judai
  sm/history.html
• http//uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/er/judaism/in
  dex.htm
• http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judais
  m/Sephardim.html

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• http//www.jewfaq.org/kashrut.htm
• http//www.myjewishlearning.com/history/Jewish_Wor
  ld_Today/Jews_Around_the_Globe/Mizrahi_Jews.shtml
• http//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Histor
  y/Jerusalem.html

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Who did what

• Maddie Zide Images, and uses in the world today
• Abby Flaxer Chronology, and Change over time
• Brittany Kamson P.I.R.A.T.E.S, Compare