Chapter 2 Chemistry of Cells

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PAP Chapter 2 Chemistry of Cells
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Organic Compounds

• Monomers made up of 1 moleculebuilding
  blockssmall parts
• Macromolecules/Polymer Large molecule made of
  many smaller molecules (monomers)
• Organic Compounds found in living things
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

_____________ or _____________
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Carbohydrates

• Role Important sources of energy
• Examples Fruits, vegetables, grains
• Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 121

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Monosaccharides Single Sugar Ex Glucose
Fructose
Polysaccharides Chains of three or more
monosaccharides Ex Starch Fiber
Disaccharides Two monosaccharides joined Ex
Sucrose Lactose
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Carbohydrate Types
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

• POLYSACCHARIDES
• Long chains of monosaccharides
• EXAMPLES
• Starch (amylose)
• Glycogen
• Fiber (cellulose) Structural material in ______
• Chitin Found in ______, ______, _______

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The synthesis and breakdown of polymers

• Dehydration take out water which makes the
  molecules stick
• Hydrolysis lysisto break
• Add water to break bonds

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Proteins
Subunit amino acidbuilding blocks
Amino acids have three parts
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How can proteins do so many things?
20 different kinds of amino acids!
Structure
Transport
Enzymes
Hormones
Channels pumps
Antibodies
pH balance
Fluid balance
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Proteins

• Proteins are chains of amino acids folded into
  compact shapes
• Four Levels of Structure
• Primary 1
• Secondary 2
• Tertiary 3
• Quaternary 4

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Nucleic Acids

• Role Stores hereditary information
• Polymers made up of repeating monomers called
  nucleotides.
• Nucleotides joined together to form nucleic acid
• Two Types DNA and RNA

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NUCLEOTIDES
3 Main Components

• 5-Carbon Sugar
• Phosphate Group
• Nitrogen-containing base

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ATP Provides energy for most of cells activities.

• Energy is stored in phosphate bonds of ATP
  molecules
• Amino Acid

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Lipids

• Role Important part of cell membranes
• Stores lots of energy
• Examples Vegetable oils, dairy products,
  meats
• Types Fats, Phospholipids, steroids, and waxes

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TriglyceridePolymer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
Monomer
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Fatty Acid Subunits _______FATS vs. OILS

• Solid at room temperature
• From animal sources, coco palm
• Saturated with hydrogens

• Liquid at room temp.
• From plants
• Unsaturated

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Saturated
Unsaturated
Solid at room temperature Ex Butter
Liquid at room temperature Ex Olive Oil