Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

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Low Pathogen Avian Influenza Outbreak

• Chrislyn Wood
• Jennifer Periat

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Introduction

• WHAT? Low Pathogen Avian Influenza H7N2
• WHEN? March 7 August 2002
• WHERE? Shenandoah Valley, Virginia
• WHY?

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Pathogenesis of AI

• Viral infection that ranges from asymptomatic
  infection to acute, fatal disease of chicken,
  turkey, guinea fowl, and other avian species
  including migratory waterfowl
• Signs include respiratory symptoms,
• depression, reduced feed and water consumption,
  severe drop in egg production and hatchability,
  DEATH

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Pathogenesis

• Incubation Period 3-14 days
• Highly contagious (100)
• Low Path low mortality, recover in 3 weeks
• High Path 95 mortality within 24 hrs

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History

• 1878 Highly pathogenic form first appeared in
  Italy over 100 yrs ago
• 1924-25 First recognized in the US, then again
  in 1929
• It was eradicated both times
• 1983-84 Major northeastern US epidemic
• Took more than 2 years and 70 million to
  eradicate
• Approximately 17 millions birds destroyed

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History

• 1997 Hong Kong 4500 cases of AI, serotype H5
• 18 HUMAN cases of AI, 6 were fatal
• This is the first proof that AI can be directly
  transmitted to people
• Other recent outbreaks

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Virginia LPAI Outbreak 2002

• 197 farms affected and depopulated
• Mainly commercial turkey farms affected followed
  by chicken broiler breeders and turkey breeders
• Total birds depopulated 4,743,560 !!!!
• 11.3 million to control VA outbreak
• 69.7 million indemnity costs to farmers

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Virginia Outbreak 2002

• Incidence Command System
• Multi- agency system designed to rapidly and
  efficiently control emergencies
• Agencies involved USDA APHIS VS, VA Dept of Ag,
  VA Agricultural and Poultry Industry, Health
  Human Services, Army Vet Corp, US Forest Service,
  VMAT, FEMA

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Virginia Outbreak 2002

• Organizational Roles and Responsibilities
• Field Operations
• Financial/Administration
• Logistics
• Planning/Tech Support

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Roles and Responsibilities
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Virginia Outbreak 2002

• Its EPI time!!!!
• Index Case
• Turkey Breeder Hen Farm east of Harrisonburg, VA
• March 7, 2002 negative antibody blood samples,
  POSITIVE VI tissue samples
• Rebled March 11th POSITIVE antibody blood
  samples
• March 6th (previous day) two houses of hens
  transported to second farm .
• Risk Factors ?
• Common rendering truck picking up daily mortality

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Virginia Outbreak 2002

• Surveillance during outbreak
• All breeder flocks tested for antibodies (AGID)
  every 2 weeks
• Flocks of all types - daily mortality tested for
  virus once a week (VI and RT PCR)
• Directogen - primary screening method as outbreak
  progressed

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Summary of LPAI VA Outbreak 2002

• ICS used in animal disease outbreak SUCCESSFUL
  OUTCOME / ready for animal disease related
  bioterrorism attack?
• Molecularly similar to H7N2 virus found in
  PA/NY/NJ FIND SOURCE!!
• Industry must maintain high biosecurity btwn
  commercial flocks and live bird markets

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References

• Emergency Education Networks USDA/FEMA Emergency
  Preparedness Satellite Seminar Incident Command
  System Sept 5, 2002
• USDAPHIS VS Emergency Programs Avian Influenza
  Eradication Guide
• Poultry Health Handbook 4th Edition, Penn State
  College of Agricultural Sciences, 1994.
• www.vdacs.state.va.us/animals/avian.html
• www.usda.gov
• www.usaha.org
• www.doacs.state.fl.us/ai/avianinfluenza.htm
• www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu

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Thank you!Any questions?