A Prelude to Behaviorism

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A Prelude to Behaviorism
(or, American Economic History in one lecture)

• Wayne Smith, Ph.D.
• Department of Management
• CSU Northridge

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(No Transcript)
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Etymology of Management

• The Agrarian revolution preceded the
  Industrial Revolution
• The earliest organizations were farms (zoo)
• The most important animal on the farm
  (organization) is the horse (manager)
• The English word manage is derived from the
  Italian word (maneggiare) for handling a horse
  which in turn is derived from the Latin word
  (manus) for hand, or in the context of
  management and leadership, to leadby hand.
• Source Oxford English Dictionary
• How did we get to where we are now?...and how
  will you get to where youll be in the future
  (i.e., your professional life)?

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Transitions since 1850
Agricultural Economy
Manufacturing Economy
Service Economy
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Management Transitions
Agriculture Manufacturing Service
Planning weather markets networks
Leading by land size by plant size by example
Motivating survival extrinsic needs intrinsic needs
Organizing cooperatives/ guilds many hierarchies mostly networks
Coordinating physical distance one-to-many many-to-many
Staffing children workers associates
Controlling no other choices wage/piecework salary/bonus
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1925
1950
1875
1975
1900
2000
1850

• Key Trends in (Economic) Capital
• Specialization
• Optimize for efficiency
• Regional Economies/Power
• Organized around rivers/canals, railroads,
  airports
• Financial Markets
• The sale price for a crop is set before it is
  sowed
• Key Trends in (Social) Labor
• Immigration
• Gender
• Urbanization
• Public Education
• Professional Careers

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1925
1950
1875
1975
1900
2000
1850

• Classical Approach
• How do we do the thing right (efficiency)?
• Management Science (Operations Research)
• Can we model (and therefore, automate) all
  inputs, processes, and outputs (optimization)?
• Do we know all, or nearly all, of the
  constraints?
• Behavioral Approach
• How do we do the right thing (effectiveness)?
• Contingency Approach
• In MGT 360, we focus on the behavioral
  approachbut
• dirty little secret
• Successful managers apply all of these management
  approaches as needed to best effect an
  organizational outcome

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ContemporaryManagement Skills

• Personal Skills
• Developing Self-Awareness
• Managing Personal Stress
• Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively
• Interpersonal Skills
• Building Relationships by Communicating
  Supportively
• Gaining Power and Influence
• Motivating Others
• Managing Conflict
• Group Skills
• Empowering and Delegating
• Building Effective Teams and Teamwork
• Leading Positive Change

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ContemporaryOrganizational Behavior

• Individual Differences, Values, and Diversity
• Emotions, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
• Perception, Attribution, and Learning
• Motivation Theories
• Motivation and Performance
• Teams and Teamwork
• Influence Processes and Leadership
• Communication and Collaboration
• Power and Politics
• Organizational Change
• Culture and Innovation
• Organizational Goals and Structures
• Strategy, Technology, and Organizational Design

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References

• The table of contents for the last two slides
  were excerpted and adapted from (respectively)
• Schermerhorn, J. (2012) Organizational Behavior
  12th ed., Wiley.
• Whetton, D., and Cameron, K. (2011) Developing
  Management Skills 8th ed., Pearson.