THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1
THERESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• C16L1
• Part 1

2
The Respiratory System

• What does the respiratory system do?
• How do the parts of the respiratory system work
  together?
• How does the respiratory system interact with
  other body systems?

3
Functions of the respiratory system

• breathing
• gas exchange between the atmosphere and the
  blood (supply oxygen removes carbon dioxide and
  other waste gases)
• preventing foreign substances from entering
  during breathing
• phonation (speaking)

4
Breathing

• Breathing is the movement of air into and out of
  the lungs.
• Breathing enables your respiratory system to
  take in oxygen and to eliminate carbon dioxide.

5
Respiratory System

• Every cell in your body needs oxygen for a series
  of chemical reactions called cellular
  respiration.
• During cellular respiration, oxygen and sugars
  react, releasing energy a cell can use.
• Your respiratory system removes carbon dioxide
  and other waste gases from your body, so that
  cells can function.

6
Inhale / Inspiration

• breathe in

7
Exhale / Expiration

• breathe out

8
STRUCTURES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• nose and nasal cavities
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles
• alveoli

9
nose and nasal cavities
nasal septum separate the two nasal cavities
10
ciliated mucous membranes
Cilia line the nose and most other airways in the
respiratory system.
11
Functions of the cilia

• Wavelike motions of the cilia carry trapped
  particles away from your lungs.
• The cilia help prevent harmful particles from
  getting very far into your respiratory system.

12
Functions of the ciliated mucous membranes

• filters bacteria, smoke, and dust particles from
  the air
• warms and moistens air

If anything irritates nasal membranes, it
stimulates sneezing.
13
mucous
a thick, sticky substance that filters the air
entering the body
14
pharynx
The pharynx is a tube-like passageway at the top
of the throat that receives air, food, and
liquids from the mouth or nose.
15
pharynx

• muscular tube lined with a ciliated mucous
  membrane
• about 5 inches long
• extends from the back of the nose to the
  esophagus
• sometimes called the "control center" for
  incoming substances, since it serves both the
  respiratory and digestive systems

16
7 openings into or out of the pharynx

• 2 openings of nasal cavities
• 2 passageways to middle ear-space (Eustachian
  tubes)
• opening of mouth
• esophagus (passageway to stomach)
• larynx (passageway to lungs)

17
larynx
(voice box) short passageway from the pharynx to
the trachea
18
larynx
walls consist of cartilage pieces held together
by several muscles and ligaments
19
vocal chords (or folds)
a pair of membrane folds in the larynx
20
false vocal cords
The more superior set, called the false vocal
cords, functions primarily to protect the glottis.
21
true vocal cords
The inferior set, the true vocal cords, produces
the voice.
22
vocal chords (or folds)
vocal chords in females are thinner and shorter
(they vibrate more rapidly)
23
vocal chords (or folds)
vocal chords in males are thicker and longer
(they vibrate more slowly)