The French Revolution

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The French Revolution

• Mr. Millhouse
• World History AP
• Hebron High School

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Preliminary Stage
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Causes of the French Revolution
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The Enlightenment

• Political Legal Equality (Rousseau)
• Personal Freedoms (Voltaire)
• Social Contract (Hobbes)
• Popular Sovereignty Natural Rights (Locke)
• Global Influence of Enlightenment Values
• American Revolution
• Overthrow the ancien régime (old order)

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Inept Ruler? King Louis XVI
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Financial Crisis

• During 1780s, 50 of revenue went to pay off
  debts
• American Revolution?
• Lavish lifestyle of the monarchy
• Series of bad harvests 1787 1788
• Bread prices went up 50 in 1789
• Need for tax reform
• Louis XVI hoped to raise taxes on ancien régime
• Aristocracy resisted reforms
• Forced Louis to call the Estates-General for the
  first time since 1614

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Estates General

• First Estate 100,000 Catholic clergy
• Did not pay taxes
• Second Estate 400,000 nobles
• Exempt from many taxes
• Third Estate Rest of Population
• Sans-culottes
• Provided bulk of French tax revenue

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Discussion Questions
What were the similarities between the long-term
causes of the American and French Revolutions?
Differences?
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Initial Stage(1789-1791)
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Calling of the Estates-General
May 5, 1789
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The National Assembly
June 20, 1789
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
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Storming of the Bastille
French citizens fearing King Louis XVI would use
violence to put down the revolution stormed the
Bastille on 14 July 1789
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Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen

• Passed by the National Assembly on August 26,
  1789
• Not a Constitution but a statement of general
  principals
• Defines individual and collective rights
• Does not address women or slavery

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Womens March
Storming of Versailles October 1, 1789
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Crisis Stage(1792-1794)
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Radicals Take Control
Arrest of Louis XVI August 10, 1792
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Execution of Louis XVI
January 21, 1793
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Radical Reforms of the Jacobins

• Universal adult male suffrage
• Abolished slavery
• Fuels Haitian Revolution
• Universal military conscription
• Increased rights of women
• Could not participate in politics
• Attacked Catholicism
• Spirit of nationalism
• Set price controls seized crops from farmers

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Festival of the Supreme Being
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Reign of Terror

• Led by Maximilien Robespierre
• According to records 16,000 died under the
  guillotine
• Historians estimate could be as high as 40,000

• The first maxim of our politics ought to be to
  lead the people by means of reason and the
  enemies of the people by terror.

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British View of Reign of Terror
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End of the Terror
July 28, 1794
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Discussion Question
How were the actions of American radicals and
French radicals similar? How were they different?
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Recovery Stage(1794-1815)
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Napoleon Bonaparte

• Moderate government, the Directory, rules for
  four years following Reign of Terror
• Failed to solve economic problems of France
• Napoleon staged a coup detat in 1799
• Becomes emperor in 1804

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Domestic Policies of Napoleon

• Maintained some rights gainedduring the
  revolution
• Freedom of religion
• Napoleonic Code (Civil Code)
• Schools and universities
• Reversed other gains
• Rights of women
• Freedom of expression
• Reformed economy
• Revised tax code
• Central bank

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Napoleons Empire
Left Napoleons Empire by 1912 Above Napoleons
Retreat from Russia
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Napoleons Invasion of Russia
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Napoleon on Elba
This should NOT be a prison
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Battle of Waterloo
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Legacy of the French Revolution

• Global Independence movements
• Haitian Revolution
• Latin American independence
• Triggered by Napoleons invasion of Spain
• Egypt broke away from Ottoman Empire
• Slave Trade and Slavery
• England abolished slave trade in 1807 slavery in
  1833
• BrazilLast to abolish slavery (1888)
• Abolition of serfdom
• Except in Russia

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Legacy of the French Revolution

• Womens Rights
• Played major role in the revolutions
• Sewing uniforms, nurses, running businesses, some
  even fought
• Lost many rights after revolution
• Napoleon
• Feminist Movements
• Mary Wollstonecraft
• Spread of nationalism in Europe
• German and Italian unification
• Greek independence