Diapositiva 1

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HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY INSTITUTE
OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SPANISH
COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (CSIC) BARCELONA
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WE ARE NOW THIS PEOPLE JOAN O. GRIMALT (Profesor
de investigación) JORDI F. LOPEZ (Contracted
post-doct) CONSTANCIA LOPEZ-MARTINEZ (Ph.D.
student) MONTSERRAT FERRER (Ph.D. student) BELEN
MARTRAT (Ph.D. student) TERESA RODRIGUES (Ph.D.
student) MONTSERRAT ESPARZA (Ph.D.
student) BEATRIZ LUENGO (technician)
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THIS PEOPLE HAS ALSO BEEN ANTONI ROSELL-MELE,
1994 (in Bristol) JOAN VILLANUEVA. PhD.
1995 CARLES PELEJERO. PhD. 2000 ISABEL CACHO.
PhD. 2000 EVA CALVO. PhD. 2001
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HIGH RESOLUTION STUDIES WITH BIOMARKERS IN
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
Work with sedimentsAnalysis of major
compoundsAnalysis of stable compounds under
early diagenesis
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BIOMARKERS
n-ALKANES
Higher plant inputs wind, rivers, vegetation
changes
n-ALKAN-1-OLS
Marine productivity, Water masses
ALKENONES and STEROLS
SST
UK37 0.033 SST 0.044
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ODP-977
ODP-1060c
MD 98-2165
MD 00-2374
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
NorthGRIP
GRIP
ODP-980
Velay
T. Philippon
testigo ODP-977A (la cuenca de Alboran)
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000
Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science
altura (m)
B. M.
testigo ODP-977A (la cuenca de Alboran)
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000
Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science
altura (m)
B. M.
Modelo de circulación oceánica alrededor de la
Península Ibérica (aguas superficiales)
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000
Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science
Alquenona diinsaturada
Alquenona triinsaturada
Alquenona tetrainsaturada
materiales y métodos alquenonas C37
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000
Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science
Brassell et al., 1986, Nature
Müller et al., 1998, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
materiales y métodos alquenonas C37
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Registros ODP-977A versus hielo de Groenlandia
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Registros ODP-977A versus hielo de Groenlandia
(-1 climate cycle)
Grootes et al., 1993, Nature
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Registros ODP-977A versus hielo de Groenlandia
(-1 climate cycle)
Dansgaard et al., 1993, Nature North GRIP
members, 2004, Nature
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Registros ODP-977A versus hielo de Groenlandia ?
(-2 climate cycle)
Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci.
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
ODP-977A versus detritos líticos en el Atlántico
Norte
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
ODP-977A versus detritos líticos (-1 climate
cycle)
McManus et al., 1999, Science
ODP-977A
Perez-Folgado et al., 2003, Mar. Micropaleontol.
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
ODP-977A versus detritos líticos (-2 climate
cycle)
McManus et al., 1999, Science
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Registros ODP-977A versus polen Mediterráneo
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
ODP-977A versus polen Mediterráneo (-1 climate
cycle)
Reille et al., 2000, Quat. Sci. Tzedakis et al.,
2003, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett.
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
ODP-977A versus polen Mediterráneo (-2 climate
cycle)
Reille et al., 2000, Quat. Sci. Tzedakis et al.,
2003, Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett.
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Variabilidad climática a escala milenaria (-1
ciclo climático)
Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci.
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000 Years Martrat
et al., 2004, Science
Variabilidad climática a escala milenaria (-2
ciclo climático)
Berger, 1978, J. Atmos. Sci.
ODP-977A
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Abrupt Temperature Changes in the Western
Mediterranean over the Past 250,000
Years Martrat et al., 2004, Science
Over the last 250.000 years abrupt climatic
changes were more common at warmings than at
coolings. Some of the most promiment changes
occurred in the interglacial periods, after long
periods of stability. After the last 250.000
years the climate was at relatively stable warm
periods (interglacials or interstadials) while
the duration of the glacial periods was shorter.
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Atmospheric CO2 content
PRESENT LEVEL
90 ppm
INTERGLACIAL
Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)
90 ppm
GLACIAL
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CO2 increase in the atmosphere is changing the
climatic conditions of the planet Average
atmospheric temperature is increasing Ice melting
could lead to disturbance (interruption) of
thermohaline circulation There are not examples
in the recent past (last 2000000 years) of a
climatic situation with the present atmospheric
composition in our planet We live within a
climatic experiment in which our planet (and
ourselves) are the experimental objects CO2 keeps
increasing 1.5 ppm per year at least
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• PUBLICATIONS
• In the last 10 years (1996-2005) the group has
  published 50 papers in the leading international
  literature on paleoceanography
• Three relevant publications in 2004
• B. Martrat, J.O. Grimalt, C. Lopez-Martinez, I.
  Cacho, F.J. Sierro, J.A. Flores, R. Zahn, M.
  Canals, J.H. Curtis and D.A. Hodell Abrupt
  Temperature Changes in the Western Mediterranean
  over the Past 250,000 Years. Science 306,
  1762-1765 (2004)
• J.F. Lopez and J.O. Grimalt. Phenyl- and
  cyclopentylimino derivatization for double bond
  location in unsaturated C37-C40 alkenones by
  GC-MS. Journal of the American Society for Mass
  Spectrometry 15, 1161-1172 (2004)
• M.J. Vautravers, N.J. Shackleton, C.
  Lopez-Martinez and J.O. Grimalt. Gulf stream
  variability during marine isotope stage 3.
  Paleoceanography 19, PA2011, doi10.1029/2003PA000
  966 (2004)