The Thirty Years War

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The Thirty Years War

• 1618-1648

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Basic Points To Know

• Most of the fighting took place in the German
  states
• 4 distinct phases
• Bohemian 1618-1325
• Danish 1625-1629
• Swedish 1630-1635
• Franco-Swedish 1635-1648
• Three major players were Spain, Austria, and
  France

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The Bohemian Phase
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The Bohemian Phase

• 1609 The Holy Roman Emperor pledged policy of
  religious toleration
• appeased the Calvinist nobles in Bohemia
• BUT.this religious toleration would not last

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The Bohemian Phase

• King Ferdinand II became ruler of Bohemia in 1617
• No more religious toleration!
• Imposed Catholicism
• Wanted to centralize his power
• Soooooo

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The Bohemian Phase

• Rebellion hits Bohemia
• How???
• DEFENESTRATION OF PRAGUE

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The Bohemian Phase

• Calvinist nobles threw three imperial officials
  out of a window in Prague.but they were saved!!!

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The Bohemian Phase

• By landing in a pile of horse manure
• But the Catholic officials had a different
  version of the story.

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The Bohemian Phase

• Angels swept down from the heavens and saved them

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The Bohemian Phase

• The Bohemian Catholics deposed King Ferdinand II
  with Frederick II (one of the most Calvinist
  princes in the Holy Roman Empire)
• War!!!!

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The Bohemian Phase

• King Ferdinand (Catholic) invaded Bohemia with a
  Catholic army
• In the meantime, King Ferdinand had become Holy
  Roman Emperor!!! What does that mean???

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The Bohemian Phase

• Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand had a friend and an
  ally
• Duke Maximilian of Bavaria

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The Bohemian Phase

• The Catholic forces crushed the Calvinists at the
  Battle of White Mountain

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The Bohemian Phase

• Results..
• Ferdinand ended the autonomy of Bohemia
• Catholicism was the official religion
• Calvinist nobles lost their estates
• Thousands of Protestants fled
• To the right is General von Wallenstein (Catholic
  Bohemian noble)

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The Bohemian Phase

• Meanwhile
• The Spanish (Catholics) invaded and occupied the
  Palatinate (Protestant area of the Holy Roman
  Empire)
• The Spanish (Catholics) divided it up between
  themselves and the Bavarians (Catholic Germans)

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The Bohemian Phase

• This phase ended with Catholic victory
• Possessed Bohemia, the Palatinate and Spanish
  troops (Catholics) continued marching into the
  United Provinces of the Netherlands (Protestant)

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The Bohemian Phase