Fingerprints

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Fingerprints

• By Soila Espinoza
• Cory McCune

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DactyloscopyThe practice of using fingerprints
to identify someone.
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History

• Has served all governments worldwide during the
  past 100 years to provide accurate identification
  of criminals. No two fingerprints have ever been
  found alike in many billions of human and
  automated computer comparisons.  Fingerprints are
  the very basis for criminal history foundation at
  every police agency.
• Established the first forensic professional
  organization, the International Association for
  Identification (IAI), in 1915.
• Established the first professional certification
  program for forensic scientists, the IAI's
  Certified Latent Print Examiner program (in
  1977), issuing certification to those meeting
  stringent criteria and revoking certification for
  serious errors such as erroneous
  identifications.  
•   http//onin.com/fp/fphistory.html

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• Remains the most commonly used forensic evidence
  worldwide - in most jurisdictions fingerprint
  examination cases match or outnumber all other
  forensic examination casework combined.
• Continues to expand as the premier method for
  identifying persons, with tens of thousands of
  persons added to fingerprint repositories daily
  in America alone - far outdistancing similar
  databases in growth.
• Outperforms DNA and all other human
  identification systems to identify more
  murderers, rapists and other serious offenders
  (fingerprints solve ten times more unknown
  suspect cases than DNA in most jurisdictions).  
•   http//onin.com/fp/fphistory.html

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The two basic ideas scientists believe about
fingerprints are

• Fingerprints never change.
• No two fingerprints are alike.
• 
  
• 
  
  http//onin.com/fp/fingerprints_for_dummies_mar05.
  pdf

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Facts of fingerprinting

• Injuries such as burns or scrapes will not change
  the ridge structure when new skin grows in, the
  same pattern will come back.
• The first crime solved using fingerprinting took
  place in Ancient Rome where a bloody hand print
  was used to solve a murder.
• The biological reasoning for us having finger
  prints is for griping purposes the skin on the
  palms of your hands are covered with tiny raised
  lines called friction ridges. Without these it
  would be difficult holding objects.

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http//www.sbec.state.tx.us/SBECOnline/fpinstruct.
pdf
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Three main patterns

• Arch 6 Loop 65 Whorl 29

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint_authentic
ation
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IAFISIntegrated Automated Fingerprint
Identification System

• National Fingerprint and criminal history system
• Maintained by FBI and CJIS
• Maintains the largest biometric database in the
  world

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• Provides
• Fingerprint search capabilities
• Latent searching capabilities
• Electronic image storage
• Electronic exchange of fingerprints

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Dusting for finger prints

• FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT
• Brushes
• Fiberglass (3) 
• Camel Hair (2)
• Magnetic Wand
• Wide Magnetic Wand
• Powders 
• Black (regular and magna) 
• Silver (regular and magna) 
• Redwop Lift 
• Tape(must be compatible to powder and cards)
• 2" Wide 
• 4" Wide
• Rubber Tape
• Lift Cards(must be compatible to powder and
  tape) 
• Black
• White 
• Regular size and 8" by 12" in both colors 
• Magnifying Glass

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Case

• 26 year old Korean male was found dead at a
  local convenient store. Apparent cause of death,
  gunshot wound to the head. Dallas Police
  recovered a gun in the dumpster located adjacent
  to building. After examining the gun, a single
  fingerprint was revealed on the hand gun. The
  print was analyzed and sent to lab. After looking
  into the IAFIS, the following results were found
  within a two hour period.

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Suspects

• We have acquired finger prints from five possible
  suspects of the crime and will use them to
  determine who is the culprit..

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Questions

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Are all fingerprints visible to the surface?

• No , some are latent.

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What is the study of fingerprinting?

• Dactyloscopy

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Will injury such as burns or scrapes change the
ridge structure?

• No, when new skin grows in the same pattern will
  grow back.

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Where was the first fingerprint used to solve a
crime?

• Ancient Rome , blood handprint was found to be
  the match for the killer

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What are the three main classifications of
fingerprints?

• Loop, Arch, Whorl

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What system maintains the largest biometric data
base in the world?

• IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint
  Information System

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What are the biological reasons for having
fingerprints?

• For grip

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Name three other biometric uses of fingerprints?

• Security access, background checks, employees
  clocking-in systems, identification

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Do any two sets of fingerprints match?

• NO!!!!!!

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Additional sources

• http//www.feinc.net/equipmt.htm
• http//www.resa.net/smart/lesson_pdfs/08_dsc.pdf
• http//www.reachoutmichigan.org/funexperiments/age
  subject/lessons/prints.