Fingerprints

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Fingerprints

• Forensic Science
• Lawndale High School

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What are fingerprints?

• Friction ridges on skin.
• Characterized by complicated patterns of hills
  and valleys.
• Hills ridges
• Valleys furrows.
• There are some basic patterns with numerous
  possible variations.
• Forms when in mothers womb

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Three basic patterns

• 1. Arch 2. Loop

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Variations of arch patterns
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Variations of loop patterns
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Three Basic Patterns

• 3. Whorl

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Variations of whorl patterns
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Identify What type of print this is?
A B
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Basic fingerprint characteristics

• Bifurcation
• Ridge Ending
• Crossover

• Island
• Bridge
• Dot

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Other characteristics
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History of Fingerprints

• Date back thousands of years early potters may
  have used them to sign their work.
• Sir William Herschel was the first European to
  recognized the value of fingerprints as a means
  of personal identification. He entered into a
  contract with a local business man and asked that
  the man put his right handprint on the back of
  the contract

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History of Fingerprints

• 1893 the British Police added fingerprints to the
  Bertillon cards for criminals in the
  identification system
• 1892 first recorded case where fingerprints were
  used to solve a crime.
• 1894 Argentinian Juan Vucetich, wrote book on
  criminal identification through fingerprints.

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Fingerprint Classification

• For years police departments used fingerprint
  cards to keep records of criminals fingerprints.

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Fingerprint Classification

• What are some downfalls in using fingerprint
  cards?

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Modern Fingerprinting Classification

• The development and fairly widespread use of
  computerized fingerprint storage and retrieval
  systems has made searching large files for single
  and partial prints routine.

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Modern Fingerprinting Classification

• Automatic Fingerprint Identification System
  (AFIS) is the computer database that law
  enforcement use to run prints.
• With in AFIS there are two databases
• 1. Knows known prints of people
• 2. Forensic files unsolved cases

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What is Biometrics?
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Types of Evidentiary Fingerprints

• Patent print a visible print that does not need
  any processing to recognize it as a fingerprint
• Plastic print a recognizable fingerprint
  indentation in a soft receiving surface, 3-D
  characteristic
• Latent print requires additional processing to
  become visible and suitable for comparison.