TOBACCO

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TOBACCO
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Tobacco

• 1982 surgeon general said that smoking is the
  most important health issue of our time
• Identified the effects of cigarette smoking as
  the chief preventable cause of death in our
  society
• Medical costs of smoking is 8/pack
• Smoking related illness cost 158 billion/yr
• Highest smoking rates in Asia, 50-80 of Asian
  men smoked
• 500,000 Americans die each year of an illness
  related to smoking

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Who Smokes?

• 46.5 million Americans smoke
• Kentucky has the highest number of smokers, 31
  of population
• 22 of American women smoke
• 26 of American men smoke
• 1500 adolescent girls start smoking each yr
• 9 of 8th graders smoke
• 20 of 10th graders smoke

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History

• 1920s considered glamorous and sophisticated to
  smoke
• 1964 first warning came from the surgeon general
  about smoking, at that time 50 of Americans
  smoked
• 1970 banned advertisements for tobacco from TV
  and radio

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Why Do People Smoke?

• Social pressure
• Peer pressure
• Significant other smokes
• Susceptibility to advertising
• 90 of smokers knew that it was harmful
• Underestimated risk of premature death
• Men who smoked 25 cigarettes a day thought they
  had a 50 chance of reaching 75 yrs but only have
  a 26 chance

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Physical Dependence

• Become dependent on nicotine
• Stimulates the brain so that eventually must have
  nicotine or it is a state of hypo arousal
• Smoking releases endorphins (opiate like
  chemical)

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• Women use it as an appetite suppressant
• Decreases hunger pains
• Dulls the taste buds
• Causes the liver to release more glycogen to keep
  blood sugar levels normal
• Smoking moderate amounts it equivalent to cutting
  200 calories per day
• One in five people gain 30 lbs within one year of
  quitting

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Cigarettes

• No such thing as a safe cigarette, even one that
  is low in tar and nicotine
• People just smoke more or inhale deeper
• Cigarette smoke
• 43 compounds in smoke carcinogenic
• Carbon monoxide most toxic component of cigarette
  smoke
• Impairs persons ability to carry oxygen
• Found in concentrations 400 times greater then is
  considered safe in the workplace
• Leads to shortness of breath and decreased
  endurance

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Cigarettes

• Tar, the non-gaseous part of smoke
• Residue from burning tobacco
• Highly carcinogenic
• Smoke one pack of cigarettes per day collect four
  ounces of tar in their lungs/yr
• Irritant to the lung tissue and may play a role
  in COPD

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Health Risks

• A lifetime two pack per day smoking habit will
  shorten your life by 7-8 years
• 1/5 of the worlds population dies of a disease
  related to smoking
• 60 increase in cataracts
• Increased risk of macular degeneration
• Twice a likely to get PID
• 70 increase chance of developing hearing loss
• Four times greater risk for periodontal disease
• Increased risk of degenerative disc disease

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Health Risks

• Cancer
• Significant role in almost all cancers
• Single most important factor in the development
  of lung cancer
• Rate of lung cancer is 23 times higher for men
  who smoke
• Smokers account for 87 of all lung cancer deaths
• Smoke paralyzes the cilia so the cells have
  direct contact with carcinogenic material

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Health Risks

• Cancer
• Smokers have five times the risk of mouth cancer
• Risk of larynx cancer increases 6-9 times
• Risk of bladder cancer increases 2-3 times
• Twice as likely to get colo-rectal cancer
• Women smokers double their risk of cervical cancer

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Health Risks

• Emphysema
• Destruction of alveoli
• Chronic illness
• Chronic bronchitis
• Inflammation of bronchial tube
• Excessive mucous production which narrow the
  airways
• Chronic shortness of breath
• Smokers have higher rates of illness overall as
  well as their families

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Health Risks

• Cardiovascular disease
• Smoking doubles your risk of MI
• 1/3 of all cardiovascular disease is related to
  smoking
• Nicotine increases heart rate and can lead to
  angina
• Nicotine causes vasoconstriction of peripheral
  vessels and increases blood pressure

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Health Risks

• Cardiovascular
• Accelerates atherosclerosis
• Increases platlet adhesiveness to form blood
  clots and leads to MI and strokes
• Increases the LDL and lowers the HDL in blood

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Reproduction

• Men
• Decreased sperm motility
• Decreased fertility
• Fewer sperm produced
• Contributes to male impotence, decreased blood
  flow to the penis
• Women
• Early menopause by an average of two years
• Low levels of estrogen

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Health Risks

• Pregnancy
• Smoking during pregnancy kills approx 1000
  infants per year
• Carbon monoxide means less oxygen to the fetus
• Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and less blood
  to the fetus
• Increased number of miscarriages

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Pregnancy

• Small birth weight babies
• Premature babies
• Twice as likely to have a baby with crossed eyes
• Twice as likely to have a cleft palate if the
  mother smoked one pack per day during the first
  trimester
• Nicotine in breast milk decreases fat content and
  calories

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Kids

• Sudden infant death syndrome
• 3.5 times the risk of death if both the mother
  and father smoke around the child
• Faster respiratory rates, take in more poisons
• Make take the children of smokers up to the age
  of 11 before they catch up physically, mentally
  and emotionally

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Kids

• Second hand smoke causes
• 36,000 cases of bronchitis in kids under 18
  months
• 3000 cases of new childhood asthma each year
• Twice as many respiratory illness in kids who
  live with a smoker

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Cigars

• Second hand cigar smoke more poisonous then
  second hand cigarette smoke
• One cigar equals three cigarettes
• Cigar smokers are 3-5 times more likely to die
  from lung cancer
• Large cigars carry nicotine equal to 4-5
  cigarettes, absorbed through the mucous membranes
  of the mouth

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Cigars

• Limit cigars to special occasions
• Hold cigar between the teeth rather then the gums
  and lips
• If not actively smoking put it in an ashtray, not
  in your mouth
• Conduct monthly self exams for irregularities or
  bumps in your mouth

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Chewing Tobacco

• Chew, snuff, dip
• Nicotine absorbed through the mucous membranes
  and you become addicted
• Cancer of the mouth, tongue, lips
• Periodontal disease
• Metastasizes easily to the brain
• Facial deformities after surgery

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Clove Cigarettes

• Bidis
• Cloves comprise 40 of cigarette, tobacco is the
  rest
• Indonesian cigarettes contain 3 times amount of
  nicotine and 5 times the tar of regular
  cigarettes
• Contain a mild anesthetic hides early warning
  signs

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Passive Smoke

• Mainstream smoke
• Inhaled and exhaled by the smoker
• Side stream smoke
• More dangerous
• Not filtered by cigarette filter or the body
• Contains more nicotine, carbon monoxide (3xs) and
  tar then the smoker takes it

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Passive Smoke

• Side stream smoke
• Each pack that is smoked, the nonsmoker takes in
  3-4 cigarettes
• If you are married to a smoker 3xs more likely to
  have a heart attack

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Quitting

• Very difficult
• Fewer then 5 of those who stopped smoking can
  kick the habit for a year
• 70 of Americans who smoke want to stop
• Ex-heroin addicts say it is easier to quit drugs
  then to quit smoking
• Men are more likely to quit then women

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Quitting

• Withdrawal symptoms
• Nausea
• Headache
• Hunger
• Irritability
• Anxious
• Hostile
• Crave tobacco

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Quitting

• Cold turkey
• Smoking cessation programs
• Filters
• Nicotine replacements
• Gum
• Patch