Naming Benzene Derivatives

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Naming Benzene Derivatives

• Base Name
• Toluene
• Benzoic Acid
• Number the Ring
• Functional group is attached to carbon 1
• Add substituents (like before)

2

• Name the following
• What is the structure of p-bromophenol?

benzoic acid
3-ethyl
o
m
p
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Groups with Carbonyls

• Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
• All have a carbonyl component

4
Natural Polymers (21.6)

• Proteins are a natural polymer
• MW 6000 to 1,000,000 g/mol
• Perform most of the chemistry in your body
• A large biological structural component, as well
• Monomers amino acids
• 20 to choose from, can be arranged in any order
• Amino Acids

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Primary protein structure is a sequence of amino
acids in a straight chain
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Hemoglobin
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Amino Acid Nonpolar R Groups
In your book, pg 1046
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Polar R Groups
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Amino Acid ? Protein

• Condensation Reaction

H2O

• Repeat many times to make a protein

C-terminus
N-terminus
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Gly -H Ala -CH3 Tyr -CH2-phenyl-OH Asn
-CH2-(CO)-NH2 Gln -CH2-CH2-(CO)-NH2 Leu
-CH2-CH-(CH3)2

• What is the amino acid sequence of the following
  tripeptide?

asn-gly-tyr
Always write N-terminus first
Asparagine (Asn)
Tyrosine (Tyr)
Glycine (Gly)
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Gly -H Ala -CH3 Tyr -CH2-phenyl-OH Asn
-CH2-(CO)-NH2 Gln -CH2-CH2-(CO)-NH2 Leu
-CH2-CH-(CH3)2 Ser -CH2-OH

• Draw the structure of the tripeptide
  ser-gly-gln

Gly
Gln
Ser
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Chirality

• For many biological molecules, only a certain
  optical isomer is active
• L amino acids
• D sugars
• Drug molecules
• chiral has an optical isomer
• A tetrahedral center (i.e. carbon) needs 4
  different connected groups to be chiral
• In this class, all well do is determine how many
  chiral centers are on a molecule

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4 Different Groups

• Using D-Fructose as an example

Not Chiral (two hydrogens)
Not Chiral (three groups)
Chiral (four different groups)
Not Chiral (two hydrogens)
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• How many chiral carbons are in ibuprofen?