The Picture of Mental DISORDERs in

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The Picture of Mental DISORDERs in

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Title: The Picture of Mental DISORDERs in

1

The Picture of Mental DISORDERs in
Czech, Slovak and Croatian
Printed Media
(pilot project)
Alexander Nawka Tea Vukusic Rukavina

2
Outline

Research team members
Theoretical background
First steps
Workshop in Berkeley
Research question and expected outcomes
Preparation phase
Workshop in Varna
The Coding manual
Data collected
Results
The problems and possibilities to discuss here
Further development of the project

The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
3
Research team members
Czech Republic Tereza Danecková, Lucie Nawková,
Petra Vondrácková, Michal Miovský Slovak
Republic Alexander Nawka, Martin Klus, Bibiana
Bednárová, Svetlana uchová Croatia Tea
Vukusic Rukavina, Martina Rojnic Kuzman, Nikolina
Jovanovic Senior advisors Howard Goldman,
Steve Hinshaw, Jirí Raboch, Petr Háva
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
4
The vicious cycle of stigmatization
Marker
Loading
Less resistance
Problems of knowledge ignorance

Home life
Work life
Social life

Problems of attitudes prejudice
Stigma
Problems of behaviour discrimination
Greater disability
Discrimination
Exclusion
Less self-esteem
Disadvantages
Sartorius 2005 Thornicroft 2006
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
5
Media and the vicious cycle
Loading
1. Previous knowledge
2. Personal experiences
Stigma
3. Information obtained through the media
Sartorius 2005 Thornicroft 2006
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
6
Initial thoughts

There is high stigma of Mental Illness in our
three countries
Media coverage contribute to increase the stigma
To improve media messages we need to influence
editors and journalists
We need specific data about current media
practice in our countries

INPUT OUTPUT
OUTCOMES

Short-term
Press conference,
Peer reviewed article

Money
Time
Technology
Background knowledge
Initial disscusion
with journalists

Developing
the instrument
Verifying the
coding system
Report on the
current situation

Medium-term
Influencing - headline writers,
editors, reporters, advertisers,
politics, related stakeholders

Long-term
Improve media coverage
and discrimination practices
Increase help seeking
behavior

Research question
What is the content of the media messages about
Mental Illness in Czech, Slovak and Croatia in
terms of stigma?
Expected outcomes
To develop and verify the instrument for coding
media messages featuring the topic of mental
illness.
To prepare a report on content of media messages
in Czech, Slovak and Croatian printed media with
preliminary results as a basis for future
longitudinary monitoring in these countries.

In the meantime we have also
had a seminar on the topic at the Psychiatric
Clinic, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University
established links with the journalists from the
most widely read newspapers and magazines in
Czech republic
published an article in the most widely read
magazine Rytmus ivota and also in the most
widely read broadsheet Mladá fronta dnes
established links with Czech legislators, Boris
tastný the Vice-chairperson of the Committee on
Health Care in the Parliament of the Czech
Republic
presented our results at the biggest national
Psychiatric Congress in pindleruv Mlýn and
published one short paper in the Czech
Psychiatric Journal
submitted an abstract to the European
Psychiatric Congress that will be held in Lisbon,
January 24.-28.1.2009
opened a discussion in the Czech psychiatric
society on the topic Psychiatry and the media

Selection of research sample
Media messages from 6 most widely read daily
periodicals and from 6 most widely read weekly
periodicals.
Time period
5 weeks randomly select from year 2007 (12, 13,
26, 38 a 49)
Key words
KW 1 Neutral terms - psychiatr,
psychiatric facility, mental illness,
hallucination,
psychotherap, psychologist, dementia,
schizophreni, psychosis, depression, depressed,
antidepressant, maniodepressive,
mania, anxiety disorder, anorexi, bulimi,
retardation,
narcomaniac, PTSD (posttraumatic
stress disorder)
KW 2 -Labeling terms (mental illnesses
are used as labels) schizophrenic, neurotic,
psychotic, alcoholic, anorectic,
bulimic used as nouns not as adjectives.

Main topic One of the main topics of the
article is psychiatry or mental Illness.
Associated topic The main topic is different and
topics of psychiatry is included as secondary.
Occasional reference The main topic of the
article is not related to psychiatry topics, but
there
are some mentioning of psychiatrist, psychiatric
ward etc.
Transferred meaning Psychiatric term is used in
different connotations.
Life-style Article is related to lifestyle and
mental health issues.

The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
13
Methodology
Descriptive characteristics
CODING MANUAL
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
14
Methodology
Descriptive characteristics
CODING MANUAL
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
15
Methodology
Content characteristics (1)
CODING MANUAL
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
16
Methodology
Content characteristics (2)
CODING MANUAL
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
17
Methodology
Content characteristics (3)
CODING MANUAL
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
18
Methodology

Each article was coded by 3 separate coders,
after which consensus was reached about the
final coding for the article.
On-line data base http//www.horook.hr/coding/log
in.php
was developed, with on-line
questionnaires according to
coding manual, enabling each
coder to fill in his/her data,
using triangulation and
consensus to choose the
final code and to transfer all
data collected in to excel
or SPSS program.

The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
19
Data collected
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
20
Articles on cover
RESULTS
x215,284, df2, p0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
21
Sensation seeking content
RESULTS
?210.888, df2, p0.004
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
22
Sensation seeking form
RESULTS
x276.983, df2, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
23
Aggressive behavior
RESULTS

aggressive behavior

if yes

x224.111, df6, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
24
Aggressive act
RESULTS
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
25
Disorders mentioned
RESULTS
x251.718 df16, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
26
Global impression text
RESULTS
x215,236, df6, p0.018
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
27
Global impression text and media type
RESULTS
x249,505, df6, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
28
Global impression and information source
RESULTS
x243,095, df9, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
29
Global impression and aggressive behavior
RESULTS
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
30
Global impression and disorders mentioned
RESULTS
x269,488, df24, plt0.001
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
31
Global impression and mean words number
RESULTS
The Picture of Mental Disorders In Czech, Slovak
and Croatian Printed Media (pilot project)
Finance and Delivery of Mental Health Services in
Central and Eastern Europe Research Training
Workshop January 5-7, 2009
32
Preliminary conclusions
RESULTS

statistically significant differences in the
distribution (among 3 countires)
media type,
the position of articles (covers),
style (number of words, sensation seeking in form
and content, source of information),
aggressive acts associated with psychiatric
patients, stigmatizing headline and psychiatric
diagnoses

development of the final version of the coding
manual
on-line data base, data entry completed by
December 1st 2008
preliminary statistical analysis
not finished the inductive qualitative analysis
of the positive and negative statements and
publication activities...

To describe the statistically evaluated results
and select methodology for inductive qualitative
analysis of positive/negative statements with our
faculty advisors
further development of the project and work on
the proposal for the project extension in the
next 2 years.
Three different ways to broaden our project.
1. broaden research area (new countries f.e.
Slovenia, Poland, or new media (TV, internet)
and new time frame more weeks,
2. to compare public opinions related to stigma
before and after an intervention campaign we
would implement (3).
3. idea for intervention to have either in
Slovakia or Czech, course similar to Croatian
course Media and health, with emphasis on stigma
of mental illness in media.
Discuss the possibilities where and when we will
publish the results from the pilot project.

To publish the results from the pilot phase in a
journal with impact factor
To publish a review paper in a journal with
impact factor
To publish the results in national journals
To present the results at the national and
international psychiatric congresses (Luhacovice,
Karlovy Vary, etc.)
To continue with presenting new results in the
newspapers, magazines and in the radio
Lucie Nawková will moreover work with this data
as a part of her PhD thesis
To present the results at the traditional course
Media and health in Croatia, June 2009
Prepare the proposal for the project extension in
the next 2 years jointly with our faculty
advisors