Diapositiva 1

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Hazardous Waste management in Estonia
13.06.2006, Valencia
Peeter Eek Director General Waste
Department Ministry of the Environment peeter.eek
_at_envir.ee
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Legislation in basic

• ...As is required by Waste Directive 75/442 and
  Hazardous Waste Directive 91/689
• To take HazW from other companies and persons,
  special HazW management licence in addition to
  normal waste permit, is required. Insurance is
  required to HazW activities, depending from the
  activity
• There are ca 100 HazW licencies issued, big part
  only for collection and for bilge water, some
  have been reappealed, because of failures to fill
  requirements
• The HazW licence is issued by Moe, waste permits
  by Regional Environmental Departments

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Basic problems with the Hazardous waste Directive

• Where is exact borderline between HazW and
  Non-HazW?
• As a first step, answer should be found from EWC
  (European Waste Catalogue), but often is this not
  enough, or are some (mainly economical) reasons
  to say, that HazW is not a HazW!
• As second step, decisions should base on
  researches and analyses
• On 2003 there was carried out study to clear the
  hazardousness of the Oil-shale semi coke, what
  was found to be HazW, because of oil-content,
  phenols, H5,H8 and H14 properties

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Basic problems with the Hazardous waste Financing

• Basic approach 'Polluter pays' but it's not
  possible to use this 100 .... - means,
  different financial supports are needed
• - State established a network of basic Centres of
  collections, also Regional Landfills and Waste
  Stations are supported essential amounts
• - Municipalities are supported for the collection
  of HasW from Households
• - from ERDF, Cohesion Fund etc., also Private
  operators have been or could be yet supported
  but the HasW from businesses must base on
  'polluter pays' as long as possible (but State
  Aid problems etc.)?
• The State Supports trough the Environmental
  Investment Centre, income 100 from
  Environmental charges incl. landfill tax for all
  industrial landfills

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Amounts of the Hazardous Waste General

• Average Total Waste generation in EU per capita
  is 3,5 t/a,
• from that Hazardous waste ca 3
• Average Total Waste generation in Estonia per
  capita is ca 13 t/a
• from that Hazardous waste ca 30
• Average Municipal Waste generation in EU per
  capita is 450 kg/a
• Average Municipal Waste generation in Estonia
  per capita is 400 kg/a (
• Aim of the Waste Management Plan 2008
  de-coupling the Growth of Economy from the
  increase of the Waste Generation

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Share of the hazardous Waste in total Waste in
Estoniablue- non-hazarduos waste, violet
Hazardous Waste, (mill T)?
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Hazardous Waste Total mill T 98 'oil-shale
industry waste'2 , 150 th t all others
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Oil-shale semicoke Ski-Resort or HasW landfill ?
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Thermal processis in the landfill
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Tar-waste lagoon
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Some Basic considerations

• .In general HazW management is private
  business
• The competition makes to companies minimize costs
  - what could be in HazW management also really
  dangerous.... as HazW is sometimes just abandoned
  then comes to the Public costs anyway
• There are 3 State-owned HazW collection Centres,
  but a lot of operations are performed by private
  Companies
• - Service area ca 100-150 km from such a centre
• - Important part is incineration ca 30 Th t
  different (mainly liquid) wastes are incinerated
  in cement Kilns, it is increasing
• - There is also one small private incinerator for
  Solid HasW
• In General, co-operation with dedicated Private
  companies works well, although there have bees
  cases of abandoned HasW

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Hazardous waste special needs....

• Sometimes it seems, that knowledge of astrology
  and astrophysics are needed...
• As the planning of the HazW quantities is often
  more 'just forecasting', then data-based
  estimation (i.e. Similar to Astrology) depends
  from changes in the production etc
• There always 'a hidden mass' in HazW management,
  'invisible part' of HazW, not-reported,
  officially non-existing-
• partly is this just not sorted out (as part of
  the municipal waste), partly is separated, but
  not treated legally (as waste-oils) - this is
  like 'Hidden mass' in astrophysics

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Hazardous waste generation by counties
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Development of the State owned Hazardous Waste
System (HazWS)?

HazWS is developed since 1994, on 1994-2004 with
the essential support by Denmark Several studies
were carried out, to get basic data for
planning Four regional HazW collection-treatment
Centres was planned, one as a central with the
special HazW landfill Collection centre in
Tallinn in operation since 1998, new centre in
Tartu opened 2007 New Regional landfills operate
partly as HazW collection centres - Since the
planning face is Economy changed basically
generation of certain types of HW is ended
....
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HazW collection-treatment centre in Tallinn

The site selection and construction
1995-1998 owned by MoE, operated by private HazW
management Company - total capacity up to 12 th
t/a HazW, but due to the changes in economy, much
less is treated - re-packing, labelling,
separation of oil-water mixtures is carried out,
temporary storage until transport to the R-D
facilities
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HazW management centre in Vaivara

Serious dispute on site selection until 1999,
final site near power station in N-E of
Estonia Special landfill planning area ca 3
ha, from that four cells together 1,6 ha is
ready. Landfilling in layers up to 3 m. The site
selection and construction 1999-2000, co-financed
by PHARE owned by MoE, operated by private HazW
management Company 'Gate fees' mainly 100-200
/t, thus for heavy-metals, small chemicals etc.
wastes up to 30 /kg All obsolete pesticides
over the Estonia was brought to Vaivara (ca 600
T), 2001-2006 was sent to treatment to the other
EU countries (FI, DE), financed by State
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HazW Management Centre in TartuCollection,
re-packing, analising, inceneration of solid HasW
(incl. Hospital waste)?
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Contaminated soils

Huge amount to treat, still only most dangerous
areas or the areas with other development
interest have been cleaned off - most of the
former Soviet military bases - majority of former
industrial sites, related with oil-products and
chemicals - estimation given up to 500 th. T of
contaminated soils to treat - under Cohesion Fund
Technical Asssistance program there is in
preparation project to clean up ca 70 sites
during 2008-2010
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Collection of the Municipal HazW

Municipalities are responsible to organise
municipal HazW collection In most towns this is
organised by special HazW collection sites,
sometimes in gasolin station, but generally in
waste stations etc. In rural municipalites
collection is often organised by special
collection campainges, when special HazW
management company is hired to do the job.
Household HazW is free of charge on most cases
(depends from quantities)? State supports both
HazW set-up of collection system with containers
as collection campaignes
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WEEE, Batteries and ELV new types of HazW

Covered by 'producer responsibiliy principle',
but in the sence of HazW treatment new waste
fractions - WEEE and ELV collection often
motivateid by material prices (metals) often
reason for illegal collection and handling There
are licenced treatment facilities, but at least
on WEEE treatment are the PRO-s using on 'lower
price' basis services in other MS-s
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Recovery and Disposal of Hazardous Waste

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Special waste streams under consideration

• Port facility's waste pilge water, slops etc. -
  up to 37 th t/a but in comparison with other EU
  countris per register t of ships seems to be
  too few
• Waste oil estimated by 'new engine oil put on
  the market' that at least 50 will be as 'waste
  oil', but just 25 from that amount is collected
• Asbestos- containing materials incl. roof plates
  'eternite' is allowed to landfill on landfills
  for non-haz-waste, but it's costs ca 35-40 /t
• PCB-containing appliancies registrations was
  carried out already on 2001, but it comes clear,
  that there are additional apllianced, not covered
  before....

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Under the Discussion

• Future of the State -owned HaW managent system
  should it remain 'state owned' or is it possible
  to privatizise it?
• Supervision of HazW in general from PCB
  appliances to CRT-monitors and batteries !
• Further development of household HazW collection
  as not sufficient yet
• Further development of waste inceneration in
  cement kilns,
• Hospital waste still HazW (H14) quantities sent
  to the treatment differ highly by different
  hospitals

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Thank for Your attention!