Revolution and

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Revolution and Nationalism, 19001939
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Revolutions in Russia
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SECTION
Patterns of Change Totalitarianism
2
MAP
SECTION
Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
3
SECTION
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
4
SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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Revolution and Nationalism, 19001939
Social unrest in Russia erupts in revolution.
Under Stalin, the U.S.S.R. becomes a totalitarian
state. After the Qing dynasty falls, Chinese
Nationalists and Communists clash. World War I
fuels nationalism in India and Southwest Asia.
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Revolution and Nationalism, 19001939
Time Line
1905 Russian workers protest, asking for better
conditions.
1920 Gandhi leads Indian campaign of civil
disobedience.
1935 India gains self-rule.
1929 Stalin exiles Trotsky from Soviet Union.
1912 Chinese Nationalist oust the last Qing
emperor.
1923 Turkey becomes a republic under Mustafa
Kemal.
1934 Mao Zedong heads Long March.
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Revolutions in Russia
Key Idea
The Russian Revolutions of 1917 end czarist rule
and usher in the first communist government.
Lenin seizes power and launches major economic
and political reforms.
Overview
Assessment
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Revolutions in Russia
Overview
pogrom Trans-Siberian Railway Bolsheviks
V. I. Lenin Duma Rasputin provisional
government soviet
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Long-term social unrest in Russia erupted in
revolution, ushering in the first Communist
government.
The Communist Party controlled the Soviet Union
until the countrys breakup in 1991.
Assessment
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Revolutions in Russia
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List significant events during the last
phases of czarist rule and the beginning of
Communist rule.
Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
begins.
Russian Revolution ends czarist rule.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formed.
Nicholas II becomes the last Russian czar.
Lenin launches New Economic Policy.
continued . . .
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Revolutions in Russia
1
Section
Assessment
2. What do you think were Czar Nicholas IIs
worst errors in judgment during his rule? Why?
THINK ABOUT
the czars military decisions
the political outcome of Bloody Sunday
ANSWER
Involvement in the Russo-Japanese War, the czars
refusal to share power with the Duma, Russias
entry into World War I, and the czars change of
headquarters to the war front all paved the way
to revolution and the end of czarist rule.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Revolutions in Russia
1
Section
Assessment
3. Why was Lenins leadership crucial to the
success of the Russian Revolution? THINK ABOUT
Lenins personal traits
his sloganPeace, Land, and Bread
his role in organizing the Bolsheviks
his role after the Revolution
ANSWER
Lenin was able to win and maintain power because
of his energetic, disciplined leadership his
awareness of the demands of various groups in
Russian society his careful planning and his
ability to tackle difficult problems and crises.
Possible Responses
End of Section 1
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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia
MAP
Key Idea
After Lenins death, Stalin transforms the Soviet
Union into a totalitarian state. He
revolutionizes the economy and uses terror,
propaganda, and censorship to maintain power.
Overview
Assessment
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Totalitarianism
2
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia
MAP
Overview
Joseph Stalin totalitarianism command
economy collective farm kulak Great
Purge socialist realism
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and
transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian
state.
More recent dictators have used Stalins tactics
for seizing total control over individuals and
the state.
Assessment
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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Cite examples from Stalinist Russia for
each weapon of totalitarianism listed below.
Great Purge, execution of kulaks
Socialist realism, training of youth
Government-controlled media
Destruction of buildings, elimination of
leadership
continued . . .
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Totalitarianism
CASE STUDY Stalinist Russia
MAP
2
Section
Assessment
2. How do totalitarian states and constitutional
governments differ? THINK ABOUT
the chart explaining the key traits of
totalitarianism
what you have learned about constitutional
government in the United States
what you learned about the Soviet Constitution
ANSWER
Totalitarian centralized under one leader,
control all sectors of society and peoples
lives, rely on force and propaganda Democratic
separation of powers, run by elected leaders,
allow private ownership and freedom, maintain
military for defense
Possible Responses
End of Section 2
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Key Idea
In 1912, Chinese nationalists overthrow the Qing
dynasty and establish a new republic. Civil war
erupts as Nationalists and Communists vie for
control of China.
Overview
Assessment
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
Overview
Kuomintang Sun Yixian Mao Zedong May
Fourth Movement Long March
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist
and Communist movements struggled for power.
The seeds of Chinas late-20th-century political
thought, communism, were planted at this time.
Assessment
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Compare and contrast Jiang Jieshi and
Mao Zedong.
Nationalist
Communist
Bankers and business people
Peasants
Launched programs to modernize cities
Divided land among local farmers
Defeated warlords
Established Red Army
continued . . .
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
3
Section
Assessment
2. What influence did foreign nations have on
China from 1912 to 1938? THINK ABOUT
the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
the role of the Soviet Union
the temporary truce during the Chinese civil
war
ANSWER
The Treaty of Versailles triggered the May
Fourth Movement. Western democracies refused to
support Suns government, but the Soviet Union
did. Great Britain and United States recognized
the Nationalist Republic of China. Japans
invasion of China united Jiangs and Maos forces.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule
3
Section
Assessment
3. What caused the Communist revolutionary
movement in China to gain strength? THINK ABOUT
Jiangs government and policies
the Soviet Unions influence
the conditions of rural peasants
Maos role and achievements
ANSWER
Failures of the Kuomintang Corruption in
Jiangs government Soviet Unions involvement
in Chinese affairs Poverty of peasants Maos
strong leadership
Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
GRAPH
Key Idea
World War I heightens nationalist activity and
independence movements to overthrow colonial
power. Gandhi uses nonviolent tactics to free
India from British rule. Turkey, Persia, and
Arabia also seek self-rule.
Overview
Assessment
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
GRAPH
Overview
Mohandas K. Gandhi civil disobedience
Mustafa Kemal
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Nationalism triggered independence movements to
overthrow colonial power.
These independent nationsIndia, Turkey, Iran,
and Saudi Arabiaare key players on the world
stage today.
Assessment
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Describe the different forms of
nationalism that developed in the Asian countries
listed below.

• Nationalists free Persia from British and Russian
  rule.

Nationalists use nonviolent methods to work for
independence from British rule.

• Reza Shah changes countrys name to Iran.

• Nationalists overthrow last Ottoman sultan.

Ibn Saud unifies the nation and creates a state
based on Islamic law.

• Kemal seeks Western-style modernization.

continued . . .
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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
GRAPH
4
Section
Assessment
2. What do you think a nation might gain and lose
by modernizing? THINK ABOUT
what positive changes occurred in Turkey and
Iran
why modernization was limited in Saudi Arabia
why Kemal set rules for clothing
why Gandhi wore only homespun cloth
ANSWER
Gainsincreased economic and political power
greater acceptance and respect from Western
nations equal rights for women Lossesa unique
sense of cultural identity traditional values
and ways of life
Possible Responses
End of Section 4