Carbonyl%20compounds

1
Carbonyl compounds

• Class I Class II

2
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

• Structure and Spectroscopy

3
Acid Derivatives

• Nomenclature
• Acyl halides alkanoyl halides
• Anhydrides alkanoic anhydrides
• Esters alkyl alkanoates
• Amides N-alkyl (or N,N-dialkyl) alkanamides

4
Mechanism for Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
5
Formation of acid chlorides
6
Formation of acid chlorides
7
Reactions of acid chlorides

• Acid anhydride formation

8
Acid anhydride formation
9
Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides

• Ester formation

10
Ester formation
11
Reactions of esters

• Hydrolysis (acidic conditions)

12
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters
13
Reactions of esters

• Saponification (hydrolysis under basic conditions)

14
Reactions of esters

• Saponification

15
Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides

• Amide formation

16
Amide formation
17
Different types of amides

• succinimide caprylolactam

18
Reactions of amides

• Hydrolysis - acid catalyzed

19
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis
20
Preparation of Acids

• Hydrolysis of Nitriles

21
Hydrolysis of Nitriles
22
Mechanism for Hydrolysis of Nitriles
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Thioesters
29
Thioesters and transesterification
30
Thioesters and transesterification