CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

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CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
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Objective

• Describe aldehydes and ketones.
• Draw the structure and name the compound
  according to IUPAC nomenclature and common names.

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INTRODUCTION
Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group
O
O
O
ll
ll
ll
-C-
R-C-R
R-C-H
ketone
aldehyde
VIDEO 1
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NOMENCLATURE
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ALDEHYDES

• The number of carbon atom in longest continuous
  chain that contains the CHO group provides the
  base name for aldehydes.
• The e ending of the corresponding alkane name is
  replaced by al, and substituents are specified
  in the usual way.

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KETONES

• The e ending of an alkane is replaced by one in
  the longest continuous chain containing the
  carbonyl group.
• The chain is numbered in the direction that
  provides the lower number for this group.

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EXAMPLES
O
ll CH3CH2CH2CH
butanal
O
ll CH3CHCH2CHCH l l CH3
CH2CH3
2-ethyl-4-methylpentanal
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O
ll CH3CHCH2CHCCH3 l l CH3
CH3
3,5-dimethyl-2-hexanone
O ll CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3
3-hexanone
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H
l CH3CH2CH2CHCO l
CH3
2-methylpentanal
O
ll CH3CHCH2CCH2CH3 l CH2CH3
5-methyl-3-heptanone
10
CH2CH3
O
3-ethylcyclopentanone
CH2CH2CHO
3-cyclohexylpropanal
VIDEO 2
VIDEO 3
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IUPAC NOMENCLATURE AND COMMON NAMES FOR ALDEHYDE
AND KETONE COMPOUNDS.
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VIDEO 4
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O C6H5 -C-CH3
Acetophenone (phenylethanone)
O C6H5 -C-H
Benzaldehyde
O C6H5 C- C6H5
Benzophenone (diphenylketone)
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EXCERCISE 1. Write the names of the following
compounds according to IUPAC nomenclature.
a.
c.
b.
d.
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2. Write down all structural formulae of compound
with molecular formula C5H10O and name them
according to IUPAC nomenclature.