Ionic%20Compounds

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Ionic Compounds

• Ch.5

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(5-1) Ions

• Atom or group of atoms that has a charge b/c it
  has lost or gained e-
• Ex Na 1s22s22p63s1
• Na 1s22s22p6

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Types of Ions

• Cation ion
• Lose e-
• Ex K
• Anion - ion
• Gain e-
• Ex Br-

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Terms

• Electroneutrality having s of - charges
• Isoelectronic having the same e- config. as
  another atom
• Na 1s22s22p6 Ne

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Octet Rule

• Tendency of atoms to gain or lose e- so that
  their outer s p orbitals are full w/ 8 e-

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Transition Metal Ions

• Form cations
• Some have multiple ions due to d orbitals
• Ex Fe2 Iron (II)
• Fe3 Iron (III)

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Ionic Compounds

• Chemical cmpd composed of oppositely charged ions
• Binary ionic cmpd cation of 1 element anion of
  another
• Ex ZnS, KBr

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Naming Binary Ionic Cmpds

• Name of cation
• Ca calcium
• Name of anion
• S sulfur
• Drop anion suffix add ide
• CaS calcium sulfide

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Naming Practice

• Al2S3
• Aluminum sulfide
• Rb2O
• Rubidium oxide
• FeF2
• Iron (II) fluoride
• CrI3
• Chromium (III) iodide

Specify charge of transition metals
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Writing Formulas

• Write the symbol charges for the cation anion
• Aluminum oxide Al3O2-
• Balance the charges by adding subscripts
• Al2O3

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Formula Practice

• Calcium oxide
• CaO
• Potassium nitride
• K3N
• Tin (II) oxide
• SnO
• Copper (I) bromide
• CuBr

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(5-2) Ionic Bond

• Force of attraction b/w ions of opposite charge

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Terms

• Coulombic force attraction or repulsion b/w 2
  charged objects
• Halide salt w/ halogen anion
• Ex NaCl KBr

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Crystal Lattice

• Repetitive geometric arrangement of atoms
• Unit cell smallest repeating unit in a crystal

NaCl
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Lattice Energy

• E released when atoms, ions, or molecules come
  together to form a crystal

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Properties of Binary Ionic Cmpds

• Hard brittle
• From crystal lattice
• Melt boil at high temps.
• Need lots of E to break bonds
• Solids generally dont conduct electricity

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(5-3) Polyatomic Ion

• Group of bonded atoms that functions as a single
  ion
• Ex NO2- nitrite
• SO42- sulfate

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Oxyanions

• Neg. polyatomic ion containing oxygen
• Suffix
• -ate, most common ion
• sulfate SO42-
• -ite, anion w/ 1 less O
• sulfite SO32-

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Oxyanions (cont.)

• Prefix
• Hypo-, anion w/ 1 less O than ite
• Per-, anion w/ 1 more O than -ate
• Ex hypochlorite ClO-,
• chlorite ClO2-
• chlorate ClO3-
• perchlorate ClO4-

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Naming

• Name the cation
• K
• Name the anion
• CO32-
• Name the salt
• K2CO3 potassium carbonate

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Polyat. Ion Naming Practice

• NaOH
• Sodium hydroxide
• LiClO2
• Lithium chlorite
• H2O2
• Hydrogen peroxide
• CaCO3
• Calcium carbonate

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Writing Formulas

• Determine formula charge of cation
• Calcium Ca2
• Determine formula charge of anion
• Chlorite ClO2-
• Balance charges (keep polyat. ion in parentheses
  if necessary)
• Calcium chlorite Ca(ClO2)2

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Polyat. Ion Formula Practice

• Iron (II) hydroxide
• Fe(OH)2
• Potassium dichromate
• K2Cr2O7
• Aluminum phosphate
• AlPO4
• Ammonium nitrate
• NH4NO3

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Oxidation s

• assigned to an atom in a polyatomic ion or
  molecular cmpd based on an assumption of complete
  transfer of e-

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Assigning Oxid. s

• The sum of the oxid.s for all the atoms in a
  cmpd 0
• The sum of oxid.s for all atoms in a polyatomic
  ion charge on that ion

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Assigning Oxid. s (cont.)

• Free (uncombined) elements 0
• Na, O2
• Monatomic ion charge of its ion
• K 1
• More EN element in binary cmpd its charge if it
  were an ion
• NaCl Cl -1

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Assigning Oxid. s (cont.)

• H 1
• w/ a metal its 1
• F -1
• O -2
• w/ F its 2
• in peroxides (H2O2) its 1
• In cmpds, Gr. 1 2 Al are 1, 2, 3,
  respectively

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Oxidation Practice

• Determine K in KOH
• -2 1
• K O H 0 K 1
• -2 1
• Determine Cl in Ca(ClO3)2
• 2 -2
• Ca Cl2 O6 0 Cl 10 5
• 2 -12 2

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Oxidation Practice

• Determine N in NO3-
• -2
• N O3 - -1 N 5
• -6
• Determine N in NH4
• 1
• N H4 1 N -3
• 4

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Hydrate

• Ionic cmpd that contains water molecules in its
  crystal lattice
• Naming use prefixes (See Table 5-8)
• Na2CO310H2O sodium carbonate decahydrate
• Anhydrous w/out water

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Hydrate Prefixes

• Mono - 1
• Di - 2
• Tri - 3
• Tetra - 4
• Penta - 5

• Hexa - 6
• Hepta - 7
• Octa - 8
• Nona - 9
• Deca - 10

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Naming Hydrates Practice

• BaSO45H2O
• Barium sulfate pentahydrate
• MgSO47H2O
• Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
• SrCl22H2O
• Strontium chloride dihydrate