Chapter Thirteen

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Chapter Thirteen

• Liking, Loving, and Close Relationships

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Predictors of Attraction - Nearness

• Propinquity
• proximity in physical space that creates the
  opportunity to meet someone
• Spatial ecology
• the physical layout of the environment influences
  likelihood of attraction
• Functional distance
• functional nearness of two people in the
  environment may override actual distance

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Predictors of Attraction - Likeness

• Similarity
• similarity of attitudes predicts liking
• being repulsed by others predicts liking
• Self-disclosure
• we like reciprocity in self-disclosure

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Predictors of Attraction - Cuteness

• Facial attractiveness
• there is cross-cultural agreement on what
  constitutes an attractive face
• facialmetrics identifies which facial features
  are seen as attractive
• faces with average features are rated as
  attractive

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Predictors of Attraction - Hotness

• Bodily features
• waist-to-hip ratio predicts attraction
• people show preferences for particular weights
  and heights in others
• we dont much like stinky people

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Attraction and Evolutionary Theory

• Certain physical characteristics signal
  reproductive fitness
• clear skin, facial symmetry, waist-to-hip ratio
• what we find attractive may have an evolutionary
  basis to it

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Concept Review
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The Social Benefits of Good Looks

• What is beautiful is good
• we often infer that physically attractive people
  also possess other desirable traits and abilities
• Do beautiful people actually possess other
  desirable qualities?
• Eh.sometimes yes, sometimes no

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Friendships Among Children

• Friendships among children show that popular kids
  are named frequently in sociometric ratings, and
  have a lot of friends
• Unpopular kids commonly engage in aggressive or
  awkward behavior, which contribute to their
  rejection by others
• rejected-aggressive children
• rejected-withdrawn children

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Friendships Among Adults

• The development of adult friendships over time
  has not been extensively studied
• some research has examined friendship development
  among college students
• Rejection hurts
• brain imaging studies show that social rejection
  may mimic physical pain

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Infant Attachment

• Attachment theory was originally proposed to
  account for infant-caregiver bonds
• secure attachment
• resistant insecure attachment
• avoidant insecure attachment
• Secure attachment shows cross-cultural
  consistency, insecure attachment less so

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Adult Attachment

• The original attachment model was extended to
  describe adult close relationships
• secure attachment
• anxious/ambivalent attachment
• avoidant attachment
• Adults are not children, of course, so attachment
  research with adults may differ from that
  conducted with children

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Close Relationships in Adulthood

• Social interdependence theory
• maximizing interdependent payoffs in a dyad
  characterizes close relationships
• Exchange relationships are characterized by
  record-keeping and book-balancing
• Communal relationships are characterized by
  benefits with no obligation to repay them
• People like equity in their close relationships

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Intimacy in Adult Relationships

• Intimacy occurs when a person feels understood,
  validated, and cared for
• Several factors are associated with intimacy
• self-disclosure
• responsiveness
• empathic accuracy
• extreme interdependence

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Love

• Passionate love is exciting and intense
• Companionate love is deep and enduring
• There are several styles of love
• eros - storge
• ludus - mania
• pragma - agape

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Triangular Theory of Love

• Intimacy
• a sense of closeness or connectedness
• Passion
• intense physical and sexual attraction
• Commitment
• dedication to maintain love

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When Relationships End

• Investment model of close relationships describes
  the reactions of partners in a dissolving
  relationship