Terrestrial Environments: Physical Control: Rainfall Amount

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Terrestrial Environments Physical Control
Rainfall Amount
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Terrestrial Environmental Indicators/controls
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Controls on Marine Environments

• Physical Controls
• Degree/type of turbulence environmental energy
• Sunlight penetration
• Depth (Bathymetry)
• Sedimentation rate/turbidity
• Substrate composition, grain size, consistency

• Chemical Controls
• Salinity
• Oxygen
• Nutrient

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Physical Controls
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Physical Controls II
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Physical Controls III
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Chemical Controls
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Chemical Parameters O2
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Chemical Controls Nutrient
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Identifying Depositional Environments

• Facies
• Bodies of sediment/rock that represent deposition
  in particular environments
• the sedimentary expression of environments

• Each with properties of
• Geometry (size/shape of sediment body)
• Sediment/rock type Sedimentary structures
• lithofacies
• Trace fossil assemblages
• Ichnofacies
• Body fossil assemblages
• biofacies
• Taphonomic features
• taphofacies

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Lithofacies Map Santa Monica Bay, California
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Depositional Environments

• Grain size
• Sedimentary Structures

• Lithofacies
• Composition
• Maturity (siliciclastics)

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Depositional Environments Sedimentary Structures

• Bedding
• Horizontal bedding
• Graded bedding
• Lenticular/ripple bedding
• Cross-bedding (tabular, herringbone, trough, HCS,
  etc.)
• Bedforms
• Ripples, dunes, megadunes etc.

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Depositional Environments Sedimentary Structures

• Sole Marks
• Tools,
• Flutes
• Gutters Pots
• Load casts, ball pillow etc.
• Post depositional structures
• Desiccation cracks
• Birdseyes
• Evaporite hoppers, chickenwire etc.
• Syneresis

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Ichnofacies
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Taphofacies
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Biofacies
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Classifying Depositional Environments

• Broad Scale Classification
• Terrestrial
• Marine
• Paralic

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Glacial Systems

• Moraines
• Outwash Plains
• Glacial Lakes

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Arid Environments

• Deserts
• Aeolian processing
• Playa lakes

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Humid Terrestrial

• Alluvial Fans
• Braided Streams
• Meandering Streams/ Delta Plains

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Meandering/Delta Plains
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Paralic Depositional Systems

• Beaches
• Tidal Flats
• Bays/Estuaries
• Barrier Coasts
• Lagoons
• Barrier Bars
• Deltas

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Paralic Depositional Systems