Title: NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY
1NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETYA Worldwide
PerspectiveChrister Viktorsson, NSNI
2Overview
Convention on Nuclear Safety Code of Conduct on
the Safety of Research Reactors Expert Networks
INSAG Global Nuclear Safety Regime
- Introduction
- Nuclear Power - Benefit but also Risk
- Safety Principles
- Defence in Depth
- The Chernobyl Experience
- Evolution of Safety
- NSNI Overview
- Safety Standards
- Safety Review Services
- Education and Training
- Support to Technical Cooperation
- Sections
- Engineering Safety
- Operational Safety
- Policy and Programme Support
- Safety Assessment
- Regulatory Activities
- Research Reactor and Fuel Cycle Facility Safety
3Introduction
- The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and
needs of Member States, strategic plans and the
vision embodied in the IAEA Statute. Three main
pillars - or areas of work - underpin the IAEAs
mission - -Safety and Security
- -Science and Technology
- -Safeguards and Verification
4Introduction
- 435 nuclear reactors in operation in 30
countries, 31 under construction and 117
shut-down - About 670 Research Reactors have been built to
date - About 280 Research Reactors in 56 countries
continue to operate
5Benefit but also Risk
- Clean production of electricity, today 16 of
world electricity is produced by nuclear. Safety
records are good. - The risks involved relate to accidents and the
possible release of radioactive substances - Large content of radioactive substances in the
reactor vessel - Elevated pressure and temperature
- The fission process and the production of heat
are to be controlled
6Safety Principles
- Accident prevention and mitigation
- This is done by Defence in depth
- physical barriers between reactor core and the
environment - several levels of defence, objectives being
- Prevention of abnormal operation and failures
- Control of abnormal operation/det of failures
- Control of foreseen accidents
- Control of more severe accidents
- Mitigation of radiological consequences
- Safety prerequisites -margins, strong management
for safety, quality and safety culture
7Levels of Defence in Depth
- Level 1 - Prevention of abnormal operation and
failures - Conservative design and high quality in
construction - Level 2 Detection of failures/abnormal
operation - Control, testing and protecting systems
- Level 3 Control of foreseen accidents
- Safety systems and accident procedures
- Level 4 - Control of more severe accidents
- Accident management
- Level 5 Mitigation of radiological cons.
- Emergency response
8Objective of Defence in Depth
- To compensate for potential human and component
failures - To maintain the effectiveness of the barriers
- To protect the public and the environmetn from
harm in the event that the barriers are not fully
effective
9The Chernobyl Experience
The Chernobyl Experience
Social consequences of significant radioactive
releases fully recognized
Severe accident management measures required to
limit releases
10Evolution of Safety
- Safety upgrading of existing NPPs is based on
- Sharing of operating experience
- Lessons from accidents
- New technology, safety analysis and RD
- New IAEA and industry Safety Standards
- Periodic Safety Reassessments
- Has led to improvements in the defence in depth
- Examples Leadership, management of safety and
quality, well maintained plant, redundant safety
systems, external events, severe accidents, fire
protection, safety analysis tools, etc. - The Global Nuclear Safety Regime has emerged
11NSNI Overview Common Abbreviations
- MS Member State
- NS Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
- NSNI Division of Nuclear Installation Safety
- NSRW Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste
Safety - NSNS- Office of Nuclear Security
12NSNI Overview What is a Nuclear Installation?
- Nuclear Installation - A nuclear fuel fabrication
plant, research reactor (including subcritical
and critical assemblies), nuclear power plant,
spent fuel storage facility, enrichment plant or
reprocessing facility. - This is essentially any authorized facilities
that are part of the nuclear fuel cycle except
facilities mining or processing of uranium or
thorium ores and radioactive waste management
facilities.
13NSNI Overview - Where are we in the Organization?
14NSNI Overview - Sections
15NSNI Overview Main Areas of Work
- Nuclear Installation Safety The Safety Mission
- Establishment of Safety Standards for all types
of nuclear installations containing good (best)
international safety practices - Conduct Safety Review Services to provide for the
application of the IAEA Safety Standards - Promotion of Education and Training
- Support of Agency Technical Cooperation
Programmes - Servicing International Conventions and Codes of
Conduct
16Safety Standards Internationally Well Recognized
17Safety Standards Internationally Well Recognized
- Protecting People and the Environment
- Safety Standards cover technical, but also human
and organizational factors
18Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
- Purpose To assess application of SS
- Areas covered
- Regulatory Effectiveness
- Operational Safety
- Safety Culture
- Engineering and Technical Safety
- Research Reactor Safety and Fuel Cycle Facility
Safety
19Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
- Regulatory Framework and Activities
- IRRS Integrated Regulatory Review Service
- Operational Safety
- OSART Operational Safety Review Team
- SEDO Safety Evaluation of Fuel Cycle Facilities
- During Operation
- Safety Culture
- SCART Safety
- Culture Assessment
- Review Team
20Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
- Engineering and Technical Safety
- ESRS Engineering Safety Review Service
- IPSART International Probabilistic Safety
Assessment Review Team - RAMP Review Accident Management Programme
- Research Reactor Safety
- INSARR Integrated Safety
- Assessment of Research
- Reactors
21Education and Training Open to all Member
States
- Supports and Promotes Sustainable Education and
Training Programmes - Maintaining Knowledge on Nuclear Safety
22Support to Technical Cooperation
- Conducts and Participates in a large number of
safety projects in all TC Regions
23Development of Engineering Safety
- Safety Standards in
- Site Evaluation and Design Safety
- Safety Review Services
- Engineering Safety
- Work also on evolutionary and innovative
reactors, safe long term operation and
internal/external events
24Enhancement of Operational Safety
- Safety Standards
- Operational Safety and Feedback from Operational
Experience - Safety Review Services
- Operational Safety
- Operational Experience
- Work in many technical areas related to operation
NPP, and incident reporting
25Policy and Programme Support
- Safety Standards
- Management Systems and Safety Culture
- Safety Review Services
- Safety Culture Assessment
- Work on Education and Training and Policy and
Programme Support
26Safety Assessment Methods and Tools
- Safety Standards
- Safety Assessment and Verification
- Safety Review Services
- Safety Assessment and Severe Accidents Assessment
- Maintain center for advanced Safety Assessment
Tools
27Development of Regulatory Activities
- Safety Standards
- Legal and Regulatory System
- Safety Review Services
- Regulatory Effectiveness Assessment
- Work on all aspects related to Regulation of
Nuclear Installations
28Enhancement of Research Reactor and Fuel Cycle
Facility Safety
- Safety Standards
- Research Reactor Safety
- Fuel Cycle Facility Safety
- Safety Review Services
- Research Reactor Safety
- Fuel Cycle Facility Safety
- Work on all aspects of Research Reactor and Fuel
Cycle Facility Safety and Incident Reporting in
these Facilities
29Convention on Nuclear Safety
- Legally commit participating States operating
land-based nuclear power plants to maintain a
high level of safety by setting international
benchmarks to which States would subscribe. - Next review meeting in April 2008
- 65 Signatories and 59 Contracting Parties
30Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors
- To achieve and maintain a high level of safety in
research reactors worldwide - Important that Member States commit to apply the
provisions of the Code
31Expert Networks and Knowledge Management
- ANSN Asian Nuclear Safety Network
- Improve the safety of nuclear installations in
Asia - Incident Reporting Systems
- Using operational experience to improve safety
32INSAG
- INSAG - International Nuclear Safety Group
- Recent Publications
- Stakeholder Involvement in Nuclear Issues
(INSAG-20) - Strengthening the Global Nuclear Safety Regime
(INSAG-21)
33Global Nuclear Safety Regime