NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY

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NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY A Worldwide Perspective Christer Viktorsson, NSNI – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY


1
NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETYA Worldwide
PerspectiveChrister Viktorsson, NSNI
2
Overview
Convention on Nuclear Safety Code of Conduct on
the Safety of Research Reactors Expert Networks
INSAG Global Nuclear Safety Regime
  • Introduction
  • Nuclear Power - Benefit but also Risk
  • Safety Principles
  • Defence in Depth
  • The Chernobyl Experience
  • Evolution of Safety
  • NSNI Overview
  • Safety Standards
  • Safety Review Services
  • Education and Training
  • Support to Technical Cooperation
  • Sections
  • Engineering Safety
  • Operational Safety
  • Policy and Programme Support
  • Safety Assessment
  • Regulatory Activities
  • Research Reactor and Fuel Cycle Facility Safety

3
Introduction
  • The IAEAs mission is guided by the interests and
    needs of Member States, strategic plans and the
    vision embodied in the IAEA Statute. Three main
    pillars - or areas of work - underpin the IAEAs
    mission
  • -Safety and Security
  • -Science and Technology
  • -Safeguards and Verification

4
Introduction
  • 435 nuclear reactors in operation in 30
    countries, 31 under construction and 117
    shut-down
  • About 670 Research Reactors have been built to
    date
  • About 280 Research Reactors in 56 countries
    continue to operate

5
Benefit but also Risk
  • Clean production of electricity, today 16 of
    world electricity is produced by nuclear. Safety
    records are good.
  • The risks involved relate to accidents and the
    possible release of radioactive substances
  • Large content of radioactive substances in the
    reactor vessel
  • Elevated pressure and temperature
  • The fission process and the production of heat
    are to be controlled

6
Safety Principles
  • Accident prevention and mitigation
  • This is done by Defence in depth
  • physical barriers between reactor core and the
    environment
  • several levels of defence, objectives being
  • Prevention of abnormal operation and failures
  • Control of abnormal operation/det of failures
  • Control of foreseen accidents
  • Control of more severe accidents
  • Mitigation of radiological consequences
  • Safety prerequisites -margins, strong management
    for safety, quality and safety culture

7
Levels of Defence in Depth
  • Level 1 - Prevention of abnormal operation and
    failures
  • Conservative design and high quality in
    construction
  • Level 2 Detection of failures/abnormal
    operation
  • Control, testing and protecting systems
  • Level 3 Control of foreseen accidents
  • Safety systems and accident procedures
  • Level 4 - Control of more severe accidents
  • Accident management
  • Level 5 Mitigation of radiological cons.
  • Emergency response

8
Objective of Defence in Depth
  • To compensate for potential human and component
    failures
  • To maintain the effectiveness of the barriers
  • To protect the public and the environmetn from
    harm in the event that the barriers are not fully
    effective

9
The Chernobyl Experience
The Chernobyl Experience
Social consequences of significant radioactive
releases fully recognized


Severe accident management measures required to
limit releases


10
Evolution of Safety
  • Safety upgrading of existing NPPs is based on
  • Sharing of operating experience
  • Lessons from accidents
  • New technology, safety analysis and RD
  • New IAEA and industry Safety Standards
  • Periodic Safety Reassessments
  • Has led to improvements in the defence in depth
  • Examples Leadership, management of safety and
    quality, well maintained plant, redundant safety
    systems, external events, severe accidents, fire
    protection, safety analysis tools, etc.
  • The Global Nuclear Safety Regime has emerged

11
NSNI Overview Common Abbreviations
  • MS Member State
  • NS Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
  • NSNI Division of Nuclear Installation Safety
  • NSRW Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste
    Safety
  • NSNS- Office of Nuclear Security

12
NSNI Overview What is a Nuclear Installation?
  • Nuclear Installation - A nuclear fuel fabrication
    plant, research reactor (including subcritical
    and critical assemblies), nuclear power plant,
    spent fuel storage facility, enrichment plant or
    reprocessing facility.
  • This is essentially any authorized facilities
    that are part of the nuclear fuel cycle except
    facilities mining or processing of uranium or
    thorium ores and radioactive waste management
    facilities.

13
NSNI Overview - Where are we in the Organization?
14
NSNI Overview - Sections
15
NSNI Overview Main Areas of Work
  • Nuclear Installation Safety The Safety Mission
  • Establishment of Safety Standards for all types
    of nuclear installations containing good (best)
    international safety practices
  • Conduct Safety Review Services to provide for the
    application of the IAEA Safety Standards
  • Promotion of Education and Training
  • Support of Agency Technical Cooperation
    Programmes
  • Servicing International Conventions and Codes of
    Conduct

16
Safety Standards Internationally Well Recognized
17
Safety Standards Internationally Well Recognized
  • Protecting People and the Environment
  • Safety Standards cover technical, but also human
    and organizational factors

18
Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
  • Purpose To assess application of SS
  • Areas covered
  • Regulatory Effectiveness
  • Operational Safety
  • Safety Culture
  • Engineering and Technical Safety
  • Research Reactor Safety and Fuel Cycle Facility
    Safety

19
Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
  • Regulatory Framework and Activities
  • IRRS Integrated Regulatory Review Service
  • Operational Safety
  • OSART Operational Safety Review Team
  • SEDO Safety Evaluation of Fuel Cycle Facilities
  • During Operation
  • Safety Culture
  • SCART Safety
  • Culture Assessment
  • Review Team

20
Safety Review Services Offered to all Member
States
  • Engineering and Technical Safety
  • ESRS Engineering Safety Review Service
  • IPSART International Probabilistic Safety
    Assessment Review Team
  • RAMP Review Accident Management Programme
  • Research Reactor Safety
  • INSARR Integrated Safety
  • Assessment of Research
  • Reactors

21
Education and Training Open to all Member
States
  • Supports and Promotes Sustainable Education and
    Training Programmes
  • Maintaining Knowledge on Nuclear Safety

22
Support to Technical Cooperation
  • Conducts and Participates in a large number of
    safety projects in all TC Regions

23
Development of Engineering Safety
  • Safety Standards in
  • Site Evaluation and Design Safety
  • Safety Review Services
  • Engineering Safety
  • Work also on evolutionary and innovative
    reactors, safe long term operation and
    internal/external events

24
Enhancement of Operational Safety
  • Safety Standards
  • Operational Safety and Feedback from Operational
    Experience
  • Safety Review Services
  • Operational Safety
  • Operational Experience
  • Work in many technical areas related to operation
    NPP, and incident reporting

25
Policy and Programme Support
  • Safety Standards
  • Management Systems and Safety Culture
  • Safety Review Services
  • Safety Culture Assessment
  • Work on Education and Training and Policy and
    Programme Support

26
Safety Assessment Methods and Tools
  • Safety Standards
  • Safety Assessment and Verification
  • Safety Review Services
  • Safety Assessment and Severe Accidents Assessment
  • Maintain center for advanced Safety Assessment
    Tools

27
Development of Regulatory Activities
  • Safety Standards
  • Legal and Regulatory System
  • Safety Review Services
  • Regulatory Effectiveness Assessment
  • Work on all aspects related to Regulation of
    Nuclear Installations

28
Enhancement of Research Reactor and Fuel Cycle
Facility Safety
  • Safety Standards
  • Research Reactor Safety
  • Fuel Cycle Facility Safety
  • Safety Review Services
  • Research Reactor Safety
  • Fuel Cycle Facility Safety
  • Work on all aspects of Research Reactor and Fuel
    Cycle Facility Safety and Incident Reporting in
    these Facilities

29
Convention on Nuclear Safety
  • Legally commit participating States operating
    land-based nuclear power plants to maintain a
    high level of safety by setting international
    benchmarks to which States would subscribe.
  • Next review meeting in April 2008
  • 65 Signatories and 59 Contracting Parties

30
Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors
  • To achieve and maintain a high level of safety in
    research reactors worldwide
  • Important that Member States commit to apply the
    provisions of the Code

31
Expert Networks and Knowledge Management
  • ANSN Asian Nuclear Safety Network
  • Improve the safety of nuclear installations in
    Asia
  • Incident Reporting Systems
  • Using operational experience to improve safety

32
INSAG
  • INSAG - International Nuclear Safety Group
  • Recent Publications
  • Stakeholder Involvement in Nuclear Issues
    (INSAG-20)
  • Strengthening the Global Nuclear Safety Regime
    (INSAG-21)

33
Global Nuclear Safety Regime
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