WWI AND ROARING 20S

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WWI AND ROARING 20S
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CAUSES OF WWI

• Nationalism loyalty to ones country.
• Imperial Expansion desire for nations of the
  world to expand their colonies.
• Militarism strengthening of military to protect
  interests.
• Alliance system defense agreements.
• Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary,
  Ottos.
• Triple Entente Great Britain, France, Russia,
  and eventually the United States.
• Balance of Power system that prevents one
  country from obtaining too much power.

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CAUSES OF WWI

• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of
  Austria in Bosnia started WWI. Austria-Hungary
  declared war on Serbia causing the alliance
  system to ignite.

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TECHNOLOGY

• Poison Gas, Howitzer cannons, machine guns,
  improved rifles, armored tank, U-boat submarine,
  Dreadnought battleship, airplane, zeppelin.
• Baron von Richthofen (Red Baron) and Eddie
  Rickenbacker famous air battles.

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BATTLES

• The Marne (Sept. 1914) battle in France
  resulting in trench warfare.
• Verdun (1916) 750,000 casualties in France
  after a German assault.
• The Somme (1916) 1916 British offensive in
  France resulting in defeat. Last great cavalry
  charge.

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AMERICAS ENTRY INTO WAR

• Neutrality refusing to take sides in conflict.
  Woodrow Wilson He kept us out of war campaign
  slogan.
• Propaganda information designed to influence
  opinion.
• American trade with the allies soared.
• Germany launched U-Boat attack.
• March 1917 Communists overthrow the government
  in the Russian Revolution. Vladimir Lenin comes
  to power and signs treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending
  war with Germany.

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AMERICAS ENTRY INTO WAR

• May 7, 1915 sinking of the Lusitania killing 128
  citizens outraged America.
• Jan. 1917 the Zimmerman note/telegram was
  intercepted from Germany to Mexico stating that
  an alliance would result in Mexico reclaiming
  territory lost from the United States.
• April 2, 1917 America declares war.

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AMERICA AND THE WAR

• Selective Service Act required all men over 18
  to register for the draft.
• Convoys teams of navy destroyers to counter
  submarine attacks.
• Doughboys American soldiers nicknames.

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AMERICA AND THE WAR

• John J. Pershing led the American Expeditionary
  Force (AEF) and aided in the French counter
  assault.
• Battle of Argonne Forest Americans and the
  French defeat the Germans (July 1917).
• Oct. 4 1917 armistice signed.
• Nov. 9 1917 Kaiser Wilhelm forced to abdicate
  (to give up the throne).

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THE HOME FRONT

• Mobilization gathering of resources to prepare
  for war.
• National War Labor Board fought for 8 hour
  workday, overtime pay, equal pay for women and
  right to unionize.
• Liberty bonds sold to cover war costs.
• Herbert Hoover supervised food administration.
• Committee on Public Information (George Creel)
  persuaded the public for war.

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THE HOME FRONT

• Great Migration Many African Americans moved to
  the north to cities looking for work.
• Women took factory jobs and sought the right to
  vote.
• Pacifists those who opposed the war.
• Jeanette Rankin female Congressman who voted
  against entering the war.
• Espionage Act punished spies or anyone
  interfering with army recruiting.
• Sabotage and Sedition Act made it illegal to
  print anything negative about the war and
  government.

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PEACE PROCESS

• 14 points Woodrow Wilsons plan for peace.
• League of Nations member nations would help
  preserve peace and prevent future wars by
  pledging to protect territories.
• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary,
  Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Yugoslavia
  were all created.

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TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Treaty of Versailles
• Germany had to accept full responsibility for the
  war.
• Germany had to pay full reparations for the war.
• Germany had to disarm completely.
• Germany had to give up oversea territories.
• Rejected by the United States via Henry Cabot
  Lodge.
• WWI leads to WWII.

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RED SCARE

• Red Scare period of time when government
  prosecuted the communists.
• Anarchists those who believe in no government.
• Deported undesirables who were sent away.
• Unions were often associated with communism.

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RED SCARE

• Mitchell Palmer ordered the arrest of anarchists
  and communists.
• Sacco and Vanzetti two immigrant men accused of
  murder sentenced to death unfair trial?
• A. Philip Randolph African American Union leader
  for railroads and eventual civil rights leader.
• Marcus Garvey founder of Universal Negro
  Improvement Association (UNIA) that believed in
  pride of heritage.

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HARDINGS ADMINISTRATION

• Warren G. Harding President from Ohio.
• Ohio Gang political supporters given jobs.
• Teapot Dome Scandal Wyoming oil scandal where
  government leaders pocketed revenues from oil
  reserves symbol of corruption.
• Five-Power treaty navy treaty with the U.K.,
  Japan, and United States.
• Kellogg-Briand Pact attempt to ban war.
• Harding mysteriously dies in 1923.

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COOLIDGES ADMINISTRATION

• Calvin Coolidge Harding Vice-President.
• Silent Cal and The business of America is
  business.
• Believed in little government involvement,
  lowered taxes, raised tariffs, and overturned
  labor laws.
• Favored isolationism.

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HOOVERS ADMINISTRATION

• Herbert Hoover won the election of 1928 over
  Alfred E. Smith (first Catholic Candidate).
• Blamed for the Stock Market Crash and Great
  Depression.

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20S ECONOMY

• Recession period of slow economic growth.
• Gross National Product total of all goods and
  services produced.
• Installment buying buying products by paying
  small amounts over a period of time.
• Productivity, advancements in technology, and
  production increased.

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MODEL T

• Invented by Henry Ford.
• Created a demand for secondary industries such
  as highways, roads, gas stations, tourism, oil,
  steel, rubber, and rest stops.

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CULTURE

• Charles Lindbergh first man to fly across the
  Atlantic.
• 19th Amendment womens suffrage.
• Flappers liberated women that challenged
  traditional ways.

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CULTURE

• Mass Media newspapers and radio.
• Hollywood major motion picture industry.
• Babe Ruth baseball sports hero.
• Expatriates American writers who choose to live
  in foreign cities.
• Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott
  Fitzgerald, and Sherwood Anderson.

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CULTURE

• Jazz Age popular music with Louis Armstrong,
  Duke Ellington, and Bessie Smith.
• Harlem Renaissance African American culture in
  Harlem.
• Langston Hughes famous African American writer.

JAZZ 1
JAZZ 2
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CULTURE

• Prohibition outlawing of alcohol (18th
  amendment).
• Bootlegging making/selling illegal alcohol.
• Speakeasies illegal places to obtain alcohol.
• Al Capone organized crime leader/bootlegger.

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CULTURE

• Nativism belief that native-born Americans were
  superior to foreigners supported by the Ku Klux
  Klan.
• Quota System limited immigrants to the United
  States.
• Scopes Trial Trial of evolution vs. Creationism
  in Tennessee.
• Clarence Darrow vs. William Jennings Bryan.

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