FRQ

1

• 2/22/07
• FRQ
• Check reading notes pp. 266-276
• Quiz on reading
• Review Reading
• Important Concept The Electoral College
• Lecture Notes Interest Groups
• Time left video preview of the media Control
  Room

2

• FRQ 2
• Money has been described as important yet also
  harmful in American elections. Pick two of the
  following concepts
• Soft Money
• Incumbency
• Political Action Committees (PACs)
• Retrospective Voting
• For each concept you pick, provide the following
• A brief description on the concept
• How the concept is both important and harmful in
  elections.

3

• Please get out a quarter sheet of paper. Thank
  you!
• Title the paper Quiz pp. 266-276and put your
  heading in the upper right corner. Thanks!
• Number your paper 1-3

4

• Which of the following is not a reason that
  interest groups form?
• Economic developments
• Government policy
• Individual leadership
• Increased government activity
• Increased newspaper sales

5

• 2) A _____________ is a social reward from
  joining an interest group.
• A) Purposive incentive
• B) Solidary incentive
• C) Material incentive
• D) Ideological incentive

6

• 3) Which of the following is not one of the types
  of interest groups common in America today?
• A) The environmental movement
• B) The rights for the wealthy movement
• C) The feminist movement
• D) The union movement

7

• Open to your notes on the Incumbency Advantage
  and RE-Alignment vs. De-Alignment

8
Electoral College Votes by State of Electoral
College Votes Senators House of
Representatives 538 Electoral College votes, 270
needed to win presidency
Louisiana9 Maine4 Maryland10 Massachusetts12 Michi
gan17 Minnesota10 Mississippi6 Missouri11 Montana3
Nebraska5 Nevada5 New Hampshire4 New
Jersey15 New Mexico5 New York31 North
Carolina15 North Dakota3 Ohio20 Oklahoma7 Oregon7
Pennsylvania21 Rhode Island4
South Carolina8 South Dakota3 Tennessee11 Texas34
Utah5 Vermont3 Virginia13 Washington11 West
Virginia5 Wisconsin10 Wyoming3

• Alabama9
• Alaska3
• Arizona10
• Arkansas6
• California55
• Colorado9
• Connecticut7
• Delaware3
• D.C.3
• Florida27
• Georgia15
• Hawaii4
• Idaho4
• Illinois21
• Indiana11
• Iowa7
• Kansas6
• Kentucky8

• Issues
• Is the electoral college undemocratic?
• Should there be a direct, popular vote for the
  president instead?

9

• Lecture Notes
• Please open your Interactive Notebook to page 54.
  Thank you!
• Title the page Interest groups
• Page 55 is overflow

10
Why Interest Groups are Common

• Interest group any organization that seeks to
  influence public policy
• Many kinds of cleavages in the country mean that
  there are many different interests

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• The Constitution provides many access points to
  government
• Political parties are weak so interests work
  directly on government

12
Kinds of Organizations

• Institutional Interests individuals or
  organizations representing other organizations
• Membership Interests Americans join some groups
  more frequently than citizens in other nations

13
Social Movements

• Examples include the environmental and feminist
  movements
• Unions continued activism after their social
  movement died, but sustaining membership is
  difficult

14
Funds for Interest Groups

• Foundation grants
• One study found that 1/3 of public interest
  lobbying groups received more than half of all
  their funds from foundation grants
• Federal grants and contracts
• Expansion of federal grants in 1960s and 1970s
  benefited interest groups cutbacks in 1980s hurt
  them

15
Funds for Interest Groups

• Direct mail through the use of computers, mail
  is sent directly to a specialized audience
• But this approach is also expensiveit must
  generate checks from at least 2 percent of the
  people contacted

16

• Documentary Control Room

17

• Homework
• Read pages 276-287
• 1 page of notes on page 56 of IN (57 is overflow)
• Read pages 293-303
• 1 page of notes on page 58 of IN (59 is overflow)