I.

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I. Cracking the AP World History Exam
Multiple Choice FRQs
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THE WHAP EXAM

• 1. 70 multiple-choice 55 min.
• 2. 3 essays (9 pts ea.)
• 10-min. reading period (review DBQ docs!)
• 2 hours for DBQ, CCOT, Compare/Contrast essays

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The Units
TimePeriod of Questions of Questions
Foundations 8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E. 19-20 13-14
Classical Empires 600-1450 22 15-16
Post-Classical 1450-1750 19-20 13-14
Industrial Rev. 1750-1914 19-20 13-14
Contemporary 1914-present 19-20 13-14
Total 70
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Make an Educated Guess

• When Europeans arrived in sub-Saharan Africa in
  the 1400-1500s the African slave trade was
• (A) just beginning
• (B) an institution Europeans had to establish
• (C) well established and hundreds of years old
• (D) still under the control of Ottoman traders

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WORLD REGIONS
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Unit 1

• 8,000 B.C.E. 600 C.E.

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Big Picture

• 1st River Valley Civs Neolithic Revolution

• Classical Empires

• Nomads threat to empires

• Religion/goods spread merchants/missionaries

• New trade routes (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean)

• Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity

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Beginnings 8,000B.C.E 1,000 B.C.E.

• Hunters gathers
• Early humans spread from Africa
• 8,000 B.C.E. agriculture starts in MESOPOTAMIA

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• Hunting and gathering societies were marked by
• I. widespread labor specialization
• II. little specialization of labor
• III. subsistence lifestyle
• IV. limited trade
• I, II, and III
• II, III, and IV
• I and III
• II and IV

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Civ. Characteristics

• Farming
• Cities
• Writing
• Govt laws
• Organized religions
• Social inequality

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Ancient Civilizations
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Decline of Early Civs.

• By 1000 B.C.E. decline due to iron
• Minoans/Mycenaeans influenced Greeks
• Phoenicians trading empire (alphabet)

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Classical Empires Rome, Han, Gupta

• (1000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)

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General Characteristics

• iron (agriculture weapons)
• Regional Trade Routes
• Formal Religions Social systems
• Hinduism in India
• Confucianism in China

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Classical Social Systems

• Based upon inequality
• 1. India Caste System
• 2. China Confucianism (rigid hierarchy)
• 3. Mediterranean
• -Greeks (land-owning aristocrats slaves)
• -Romans (land-owning patricians plebians
  slaves)

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Chinese Dynasties

• Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
• Sui, Tang, Song
• Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
• Mao Deng

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Shang (1700 - 1027 BCE)

• Aristocracy ruled
• Writing, bronze, silk
• Ancestor worship

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Zhou (1027 - 250 BCE)

• Longest lasting Dynasty
• Beginning of Mandate of Heaven
• Taoism Confucianism introduced
• Feudal
• Built roads, expanded trade
• Ended with Warring States Period

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China Qin Han

• Qin dynasty Legalist (strict severe)
• Emperor Shi Huangdi (Terra Cotta Warriors)
• Great Wall
• Han dynasty Confucianism
• Mandate of Heaven
• Meritocracy civil service exam
  scholar-gentry
• Eunuchs gained power
• Silk Roads paper, silk
• Decline corruption, nomads, loss of mandate,
  crop failure, internal conflict

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Qin (221 - 207 BCE)
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• Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?
• because their leaders were ruthless
• due to the lack of Confucianism and the rise of
  Legalism
• due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the
  duty of emperors
• because average people were not allowed weapons

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Silk Roads

• brought Buddhism to China
• Chinese silk to Europe

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Silk Roads
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Classical India

• Mauryan Dynasty
• - King Ashoka (wrote laws on Rock Pillars
  Edicts)
• - Buddhism spreads
• Gupta Dynasty Hindu golden age

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Gupta India

• Centralized
• Golden Age military, math (pi, zero, numerals),
  astronomy, medicine, lit.
• Extensive Trade Silk Roads, Indian Ocean (dhow
  boat)
• A theatre state
• Hinduism duty to caste reincarnation
• Buddhism spreads due to inequality
• Nomads Huns
• Decline corruption, poor leadership, nomads,
  overexpansion, too diverse

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Classical India
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Greeks

• Independent city-states (internal warfare)
• Athenian Golden Age Democracy, art,
  philosophy, science
• Alexander conquers spreads Greek culture
  (Hellenistic Period)

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Alexander the Great
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Mediterranean

• Rome
• At first a Republic
• Capital Rome (centralized)
• Empire began after Julius Caesar
• Augustus Caesar Pax Romana
• Built roads (Appian Way) Aqueducts
• Christianity develops, spreads
• Decline corruption, moral decline, nomads,
  inflation

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Roman Empire
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Public Works
The Great Builders Columns, Domes, Arches
Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges, Theaters, the Coliseum

Great Wall of China Bridges, Roads, Canals Terra
Cotta Warriors
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Fall of Roman Empire
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Persians

• Centralized bureaucracy (divided into Satraps)
• Golden Age Royal Road, military, coins, postal
  service
• tolerance trade
• Zoroastrianism dual forces of good evil
• Decline corruption, over taxation, Alexander
  the Great

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Persian Empire
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In Africa

• Bantu migrations spread similar cultural traits
  through Sub-Saharan Africa

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AMERICAN CIVILIZATION

• The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca

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Amerindian Civilizations

• Maya (300 CE to 900)

From Olmec traditions

• Independent city-statesdecentralized
• Astronomical calendar
• Number zero
• Written language

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American Civilizations
Aztec 1400-1521

• militant warriors
• tributary empire
• decentralized empire
• human sacrifice
• Written language
• Spanish conquered w/
• guns disease

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American Civilizations
Incas 1400-1540

• Rugged Andes Mts.
• Centralized empire
• terraces for farming
• network of roads bridges
• NO WRITTEN LANGUAGEbut used quipu
• Spanish conquest

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Causes of Classical Decline

• Nomadic invaders
• Epidemics
• Corruption
• Internal decline

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• W. Europe
• worst decline
• Byzantine Empire flourishes in East
• China
• 300 years of disunity
• India
• declines politically, but trade continues
• Hinduism spreads

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