PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

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PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

• EDU 685
• WEEK 3

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WHY STUDY PSYCHOLOGY?

• Concerned with how people learn
• Increases probability that students will learn
• Basis for understanding the teaching and learning
  process
• Cements the teaching/learning relationship

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STUDIES OF CHILDREN

• The learner is a whole being, rather than a
  parcel of unrelated skills, understandings, and
  attitudes.

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PRACTICAL INSIGHTS

• Readiness to learn
• Motivation

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Practical Insights, cont...

• Involvement
• Primacy
• Exercise
• Reinforcement

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EARLY NOTABLE PSYCHOLOGISTS

• Rousseau
• Froebel
• Thorndike

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THEORIES OF LEARNING

• Behaviorism
• Human Development
• Phenomenology and Humanism

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BEHAVIORISM

• Behavioral objectives
• Skill training
• Direct instruction
• Mastery learning
• Time-on-task
• Educational technology

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

• Piaget
• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational
• Concrete Operations
• Formal Operations

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Human development, cont.

• Gagne
• Signal learning
• Stimulus-response
• Motor chaining
• Verbal association
• Multiple discrimination
• Concept learning
• Principle learning
• Problem solving

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Human development, cont.

• Guilford
• Structure of intellect
• Operations
• Products
• Contents

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PHENOMENOLOGY HUMANISM

• Gestalt theory
• Learners perceive in relation to the whole

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Humanism, continued...

• Karl Maslow
• Hierarchy of needs
• Survival
• Safety
• Love and belonging
• Esteem
• Knowing and understanding
• Self-actualization

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Humanism, continued...

• Carl Rogers
• Process
• Personal needs
• Psychological meaning

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APPLYING LEARNING THEORY

• Provide variety
• Give direct instruction
• Teach indirectly
• Encourage mastery learning

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applying, continued...

• Use time wisely
• Help students learn to think
• Encourage authentic learning
• Respond to different learning styles

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applying, continued...

• Recognize gender differences
• Use cooperative learning
• Promote the rewards of learning

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SUMMARY

• Ask yourself these questions
• How should testing relate to attempts to learn?
• What constitutes wise selection and organization
  of learning experiences?
• How do excellence and equity in schools go hand
  in hand?