Anxiety Disorders

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Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety vs Fear

• Anxiety
• Future-oriented mood-state
• Apprehension because one cannot predict/control
  upcoming events
• Fear
• Immediate emotional reaction to current danger
• Strong escapist action tendencies
• Surge in SNS

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Anxiety

• Biological Contributions
• Genetics?
• GABA
• Psychological Contributions
• Social Contributions

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Clinical description
• Statistics
• 4
• Treatment seekers?
• Gender ratio
• Onset?
• Early and gradual

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Etiology Integrated Model
• Autonomic restrictors
• Increased beta activity
• Worry without accompanying images
• Chronic worriers
• With accompanying autonomic inflexibility
• Poor problem-solving

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Treatment

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Panic Disorder w/ w/o Agoraphobia

• Greek god of nature
• Clinical Description
• Anticipatory Anxiety
• Statistics
• 3.5
• Gender ratio
• 2/3 female
• Onset
• Early adult life

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Panic Disorder w/ w/o Agoraphobia

• Agoraphobia
• Psychological Comorbidity
• Suicide
• 20

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Panic Disorder w/ w/o Agoraphobia

• Etiology Integrated Model
• Tendency to interpret normal physical sensations
  in catastrophic way
• Increased somatic awareness maintains vicious
  cycle

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Panic Disorder w/ w/o Agoraphobia

• Treatment
• Medications
• Panic Control Treatment

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Clinical Description
• Statistics
• Gender ratio
• Onset

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

• Causes
• Integrated Model
• Social and cultural contributions
• Treatment

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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Generalized psychological vulnerability
Generalized biological vulnerability
Experience of trauma
True alarm (or alternative intense basic
emotions, such as anger, distress
Learned alarm (or strong, mixed emotions)
Avoidance or numbing of emotional response
Anxious apprehension Focused on reexperienced
emotions
Moderated by social support and ability to cope
PTSD
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Clinical Description
• Obsessions
• Compulsions
• Statistics
• 2.6
• Gender ratio
• Depends on age
• Age of onset
• Early adolescence to mid-twenties

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

• Causes
• Treatment

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Phobias

• Simple
• Social

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Social Phobia
Generalized biological vulnerability (including
heritable component of behavioral inhibition
Generalized psychological vulnerability
Direct experience
Stressors
True alarm
False alarm (associated with social evaluative
situations)
No alarm (but perceived poor social skills)
Learned alarm
Anxious apprehension (including increased
self-focused attention)
Specific psychological vulnerability (social
evaluation is dangerous)
Social Phobia