Guidelines for Sustainable Development Criteria Compliance

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• Guidelines for Sustainable Development Criteria
  Compliance

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Purpose

• The guidelines provide project sponsors and BECC
  staff with a process for ensuring project
  compliance with BECCs Sustainable Development
  criteria

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Sustainable Development Criteria

• Definitions and Principles
• Institutional and Human Capacity Building
• Conformance with applicable local and regional
  conservation and development plans
• Natural resource conservation
• Community development

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Definition
"Conservation-oriented social and economic
development that emphasizes the protection and
sustainable use of resources, while addressing
both current and future needs, and present and
future impacts of human actions."
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Sustainable Development
The fundamental concept of sustainable
development is development that successfully
integrates social, economic, and environmental
needs to produce vitality in all of these areas
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Unsustainability Bumping into limits
Water Biological Resource Availability
Border Town
time ?
Margin for Action
Population x Affluence x Technology
2000
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What does sustain mean?
To keep in existence without diminishing, to
provide sustenance and nourishment

• What is development?

To bring out the capabilities of, to bring to a
more advanced or effective state
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Carrying Capacity
The population that can be supported indefinitely
by an ecosystem without destroying the ecosystem
Community Capital

• Financial/built capital
• Human/social capital
• Natural capital

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Weak vs. Strong Sustainability

• Weak sustainability
• Manufactured capital of equal value can take the
  place of natural capital
• Strong sustainability
• The existing stock of natural capital must be
  maintained and enhanced because the functions it
  performs cannot be duplicated by manufactured
  capital

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A Community is Unsustainable if...

• It consumes resources faster than resources can
  be renewed

• Produces more wastes than natural systems can
  assimilate

• Relies upon distant sources for its basic needs.

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Definition Diagram for Sustainable Development
Social Environmental Economic
Select Balanced Solutions
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Project Sustainability

• Economic sustainability must be achieved
• to ensure
• Environmental sustainability
• Social Sustainability

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Project Sustainability

• Economic sustainability must be achieved
  improving utilities
• Beyond pumps, pipes and blowers
• Improving operational and administrative
  efficiencies
• Increasing revenue and reducing operational costs

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Project Sustainability

• Otherwise, a project is weak financially
• Relying on grants (when available), either
  transition funds or construction funds
• Unaffordable tariff increments
• Passing the cost of an utility inefficiency to
  users
• Keyword Institutional strengthening

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Sustainable Development Indicators

• Driving force indicators-Pressure Indicators
• State Indicators
• Performance Indicators

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Driving Force Indicators
Driving force or pressure indicators are measures
of pressure on the environment caused by human
activities, processes, and patterns that impact
on sustainable development
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State Indicators
State indicators are measures of the actual
condition of the environment and the quality of
natural resources, and include the health effects
caused by the deterioration of the environment on
human populations and ecosystems
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Response Indicators
Response indicators are measures of the efforts
undertaken by society to respond to environmental
changes and issues
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Determining Project Sustainability

• The guidelines describe a uniform process by
  which all projects can be supported and evaluated
  by the BECC Project Managers and Reviewers.
• The process was designed to be equitable and
  applicable to all Applicants, regardless of the
  state of their infrastructure or their financial
  assets.
• The primary objective of the process is to
  identify and promote project solutions that
  contain more indicators of sustainability than
  projects have embodied in the past.

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Determining Project Sustainability
Throughout this process, the Applicant will
maintain the freedom and responsibility for
identifying what aspects of sustainability are
most important for the community and which
alternatives best meets the communitys needs.
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Determining Project Sustainability
The measure of sustainability is relative and
site specific. In this process, sustainability is
measured as the extent of improvement over
baseline conditions that is achieved through
project implementation.
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Sustainable Project Development
Begin Construction
Project Begins
1030
Design
Baseline Conditions
Planning
Needs Assessment
Orientation Meeting Present SD Concepts Define
Problem Statement
Rank Alternatives and Select Final
Alternative Preliminary Engineering Workshop 2
(SD-VE)
Baseline Conditions Report Workshop 1 Initial
Indicator Selection Stakeholder Buy-in
Select and Validate Indicators Develop
Alternatives
Value Engineering
Sustainable Development Check
Design
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Project Development Process

• Rapid Assessment Process (RAP)
• Objective To develop the Projects Workplan
• BECC Staff evaluates the new projects quickly and
  comprehensively
• Early coordination and input with NADB and State
  and Federal regulatory agencies to provide a
  preliminary funding strategy.
• Early data gathering for the expeditious approval
  of the required Technical Assistance.

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Project Development Process

• Rapid Assessment Process (RAP)(Cont.)
• The Workplan includes ...
• Baseline Conditions
• Comprehensive Project Approach
• Financial Plan Identification
• Definition of Technical Assistance Needs
• Project Schedule/ Detailed Tasks to Reach
  Certification
• Early Identification of Potential Obstacles
  Definition of the Project Sponsor and Involved
  Agencies Roles
• Provide a Basis for Scope of Work Development

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Project Development Process
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Starting the process

• Development of Baseline Conditions Report (BCR)
• As part of the RAP Report, the BCR is done by
  consultant and reviewed by BECC staff.
• After internal review, the RAP Report is reviewed
  by stakeholders.

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Identify Baseline Conditions
Problem Statement Preparation
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Identify Baseline Conditions
Examples of Baseline Conditions

• Human health issues
• Quantity of safe water
• Institutional capacity
• Local economy
• Condition of infrastructure
• Distribution of services
• Environmental quality
• Trained/certified operators
• Regulatory issues

• Population growth rate
• Median household income
• Debt ratio of city/utility
• Transboundary interaction
• Macro and micro metering
• Unaccounted water
• Water consumption rates
• Infiltration/inflow problems
• Industrial waste impacts

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Identify Baseline Conditions
Examples of Baseline Condition Indicators
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Identify Baseline Conditions
Examples of Substantiated Baseline Conditions
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Identify Baseline Conditions
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When Baseline Data are not available

• Other sources of information that may provide an
  adequate basis for validating the indicators are
  academic institutions, government agencies
  (local, state, or federal), non-governmental
  organizations, interviews with local health
  practitioners and other relevant members of the
  community, and international organizations such
  as the World Bank, United Nations organizations,
  and the World Health Organization.
• The BECC Staff will guide the Applicant/Consultant
  effort to develop baseline conditions.

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Baseline Conditions Report

• Baseline information will be used to identify
  performance indicators applicable to the
  community and the specific project.

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Identify performance indicators

• Determine applicable sustainable indicators using
  baseline conditions as the context
• Verify compliance of Minimum Requirement
  indicators and inclusion of these indicators in
  the development of performance indicators.
• Validate key performance indicators

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Select Applicable Sustainable Development
Performance Indicators

• Sustainable development performance indicators
  are attributes of the project solution, and are
  organized according to
• General Sustainability
• Human Health sustainability
• Environmental and Ecosystem sustainability
• Technical Feasibility sustainability
• Financial and Institutional sustainability
• Community Development sustainability

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Select Applicable Sustainable Development
Performance Indicators

• The Consultant will develop a list of performance
  indicators of sustainability appropriate for the
  project, beginning with the set of performance
  indicators included in Appendix A of the
  Guidelines document.

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Select Applicable Sustainable Development
Performance Indicators

• The indicators included in Appendix A are only
  examples and may or may not be appropriate for
  the project. The consultant, sponsor, or
  community representatives may propose other
  performance indicators that would better reflect
  the community and its needs.
• BECC Staff will confirm that the set of
  indicators is sufficient and focused, and satisfy
  the minimum requirements

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14 Minimum Requirements

• Most apply to all types of communities
• Some limited by project type
• Some link to several sub-criteria
• Each links to performance indicators in the SD
  Guidelines

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14 Minimum Requirements

• 1. Conduct two early workshops with stakeholders
• 2. Complete SD worksheets
• 3. Water usage assessment
• (Conservation and reuse)
• Feasibility analyses for SW projects
• (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

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14 Minimum Requirements

• Energy efficiency feasibility assessment
• (Conservation and Renewable Energy)
• 6. Ensure that treatment capacity is in place
• (water and wastewater treatment only)
• 7. Assess the need for industrial pretreatment
• (wastewater projects)

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14 Minimum Requirements
8. Close uncontrolled municipal dumpsites
(solid waste only)
9. Include operator training/certification
(water wastewater projects)
10. Long-term infrastructure assessment (all
projects)
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14 Minimum Requirements
11. Senior operator input (water
wastewater projects)
12. Present worth analysis and affordability
assessment (all projects)
13. Institutional administration improvements
assessment (all projects)
14. Community environmental awareness
development (all projects)
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Worksheet 1

• Initially, the consultant drafts a list of
  performance indicators using Worksheet 1.
• Write indicators without giving consideration to
  how important each indicator is. Later, the list
  will be narrowed to key indicators only.
• Identify indicators per category (i.e. General
  sustainability, Human Health sustainability,
  etc.)

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Worksheet 1
 
 
 
 
 
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Worksheets 2a through 2e

• Complete Worksheets 2a through 2e, which are
  organized by sub-criteria.
• Re-group the indicators from Worksheet 1 into the
  first column of appropriate worksheet.
• List all of the indicators for a given criterion.
  
• If an indicator supports more than one
  sustainability criterion, list it in as many as
  worksheets as apply.

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Worksheets 2a through 2e

• Identify key indicators, by placing a mark.
• An indicator can not be eliminated if it is the
  only indicator in a worksheet.
• Validate the key performance indicators.

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Worksheets 2a through 2e
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Worksheet 3

• Prepare Worksheet 3, writing in it, the key
  performance indicators selected from Worksheets
  2a-2e.
• Consultant submits the worksheets to BECC staff
  for their review and comments.

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Worksheet 3
D
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Workshop 1

• In the workshop, the sponsor and community
  representatives validate the baseline conditions
  report.
• The consultant present all the performance
  indicators worksheets, and the sponsor and
  community representatives can eliminate or add
  indicators.
• From Worksheet 3, the sponsor and community
  representatives assign a numerical weight to the
  key indicators.

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Workshop 1
Weighting Mechanics
Assign a numerical weight to each key
indicator using a scale from 1 (least important)
to 10 (most important). The weights reflect the
relative importance of the indicators. Rarely
are two indicators equally important. There is
no benefit to assigning equal weights to all of
the indicators, nor is it an unacceptable
outcome. 1.      In the first column of
Worksheet 3A, list all key indicators identified
in Worksheets 2a through 2e 2.      Assign a
weight to each indicator using a scale from 1 to
10. Record the weight in the third column of the
worksheet     
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Workshop 1
Weighting Mechanics
3.      Provide the rationale for weighting each
indicator. Record the rationale in the second
column of the worksheet. 4.      Once the final
set of weights is agreed upon by the
stakeholders, normalize the weightings. This is
done by first adding up all of the weights and
recording the sum at the bottom of the third
column. Then divide each individual weight by
the sum and record the resulting normalized
weight for each indicator in the fourth column
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Develop Alternatives

• The Applicant and the consultant now have
  sufficient information to develop project
  alternatives, i.e. the conceptual designs that
  are variations on the fundamental project
  solution.
• The Applicant and consultant will have several
  considerations for developing alternatives
  technical, financial, institutional,
  environmental, health-related, community
  involvement, and sustainable development.
• If the weighted indicators are well thought out
  and comprehensive, the indicators should reflect
  all of these considerations.

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Develop Alternatives
BECC Staffs Role

• The role of the BECC Staff is to steer the
  Applicant and the consultant toward finding a
  balanced project solution during the Step 2
  process, whether or not the BECC provides
  technical assistance
• The BECC Staff should discuss with the Applicant
  and the consultant various approaches to
  incorporating sustainability indicators into the
  project solution

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Develop Alternatives
Examples of Various Approaches to Incorporate
Sustainability Indicators
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Develop Alternatives
Examples of Various Approaches to Incorporate
Sustainability Indicators
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Workshop 2

• Once the consultant has completed the
  development of alternatives, which includes their
  conceptual designs, it is beneficial to hold a
  workshop for the stakeholders.
• The objective of this second workshop would be to
  obtain buy-in to the various alternatives and to
  evaluate them.

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Ranking the Alternatives

• In this step, each alternative is scored by a
  rating system developed for each indicator.
• The score is multiplied by the weight of the
  indicator to produce a weighted score for the
  alternative.
• The weighted scores are summed to produce a total
  score for each alternative and the alternatives
  are ranked

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Rating of alternatives
 
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Ranking the Alternatives
BECC Staffs Role

• The BECC Staff should plan on reviewing the
  process for setting scales and obtaining the
  alternatives ranking since some communities will
  need guidance in understanding the mechanics and
  purpose. The following are the overriding
  purposes for using this type of decision making
  process
• To promote an objective quantifiable decision
  making process
• To create a defensible record of the process
• To produce a defensible outcome of the process by
  involving the community.

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Select the Preferred Alternative

• The Reviewer ensures that the selected
  alternative exceeds the minimum sustainability
  scores per category (human health, technical,
  financial, etc.).

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Select the Preferred Alternative

• The final selection of an alternative is
  performed by the sponsor and community
  representatives.
• The selection will be based on many
  considerations, such as protection of human
  health and the environment, technical performance
  and reliability, cost, affordability, community
  support, and sustainability.
• The final sustainability ranking indicates how
  well the alternatives fulfill the BECC
  Sustainable Development Criteria.
• From a sustainability perspective, the highest
  ranked alternative is the most preferable.

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Select the Preferred Alternative
BECC Staffs Role

• The BECC Staff will review the reasons stated by
  the Applicant for selection of the preferred
  alternative.
• The BECC Staff may recommend approval or
  disapproval of the selection.
• If the Applicant has performed the sustainability
  process well, then it is likely that the selected
  alternative will be recommended by the BECC Staff
  for approval, at least with regard to the
  Sustainable Development Criteria.

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Development of Alternatives
SUMMARY
While it is the Applicants responsibility and
right to develop its own project alternatives, it
is the BECC Staffs responsibility to ensure that
the Sustainable Development Criteria are
fulfilled for project certification
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Beyond infrastructure projects ZERI approach

• Within BECCs mandate, there are performance
  indicators that can be included in the scope of a
  project.
• However, outputs from the project can be
  considered as hidden assets, where identifying
  interested parties and clustering would be the
  next step.

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• Population of 10,000 people
• BOD5 wastewater 200 mg/l
• TSS wastewater 240 mg/l
• Water usage 120 gal/inhabitantday
• 80 water supplied goes to sewer
• Generated wastewater flow 0.96 MGD
• BOD5 effluent 20 mg/l
• TSS effluent 20 mg/l
• Sludge production (dry basis) 949.69 kg/day
• Sludge production (20 weight) 4,748 kg/day

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Wastewater
Aerated ponds
Effluent
Wetlands
Aerobic digestion and dewatering in drying beds
Harvesting of and plants
Crop irrigation
Water body
Plants drying beds
Sludge composting
Shredded wood Fire control
Mushroom farming
Mushrooms
Natural Fertilizer
Worm farming
Feeding crops production
Livestock forage
Enzyme Production
Worm for fishing
68
Wastewater
Aerated ponds
Effluent
Floating Aquatic Plant treatment
Aerobic digestion and dewatering in drying beds
Harvesting of and plants
Crop irrigation
Water body
Plants drying beds
Sludge composting
Shredded wood Fire control
Mushroom farming
Mushrooms
Natural Fertilizer
Worm farming
Feeding crops production
Livestock forage
Enzyme Production
Worm for fishing
69
Wastewater
Aerated ponds
Effluent
Wetlands
Aerobic digestion and dewatering in drying beds
Harvesting of and plants
Crop irrigation
Water body
Plants drying beds
Mushroom farming
Shredded wood Fire control
Vermicomposting
Enzyme Production
Worm for fishing
Natural Fertilizer
Mushrooms
Feeding crops production
Livestock forage
Vermicomposting Composting of sludge with worms
70
Wastewater
Aerated ponds
Effluent
Floating aquatic Plants treatment
Aerobic digestion and dewatering in drying beds
Harvesting of and plants
Crop irrigation
Water body
Plants drying beds
Mushroom farming
Shredded wood Fire control
Vermicomposting
Enzyme Production
Worm for fishing
Natural Fertilizer
Mushrooms
Feeding crops production
Livestock forage
Vermicomposting Composting of sludge with worms