Lipids

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Lipids
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Fatty Acids

• Unbranched
• 1020 carbons
• Even number of carbons
• No functional groups
• COOH
• CC, predominately "cis"

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Alcohols

• Long-chain alcohols (2436 carbons)
• Glycerol
• Sphingosine

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Waxes

• Ester bond between alcohol and fatty acid

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Glycerides

• Ester bond between glycerol and fatty acids
• monoglyceride
• diglyceride
• triglyceride

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Saturated fats

• high melting point
• solid at room temperature
• animal fats

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Unsaturated fats

• Low melting point
• liquid at room temperature
• vegetable oils

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Reactions

• Hydrogenation
• Vegetable oil H2 ? solid fat
• cis isomer (natural)
• trans isomer
• Mimics saturated lipid
• Higher melting point better frying

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Reactions

• Halogenation
• Iodine number
• Lard 50
• Vegetable oil 150

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Reactions

• Saponification
• Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester

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Sphingolipids

• CH3(CH2)12CHCH-OH
• CH-NH2
• CH2OH

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Amphipathic Molecules

• Soap

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Micelles
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Lipid Bilayer
polar heads hydrophilic
nonpolar tails hydrophobic
polar heads hydrophilic
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