LIPIDS

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LIPIDS

• AKA FATS

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LIPIDS- large nonpolar organic molecules

• 18-25 of body weight
• fewer covalent bonds
• fat-marbled meats, egg yolks, milk, oils, waxes
• Most lipids are insoluble in water but dissolve
  in other lipids and alcohol, acetone (NONPOLAR)

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Fatty Acids -unbranched C chains that make up
most lipids

• long carbon chains with a carboxyl group at the
  end (COOH)
• carboxyl end is polar and thus hydrophilic-attract
  ed to water
• hydrocarbon end is non-polar and thus
  hydrophobic- water fearing

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• Saturated fatty acid-a fatty acid where all the
  carbon to carbon bonds are single bonds
• Unsaturated fatty acid- there is at least on
  carbon to carbon double bond
• Higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to
  oxygen atoms
• causes them to have more carbon to hydrogen bonds
  which store more energy.hence fats having a
  higher caloric value

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NEUTRAL FATS (TRIGLYCERIDES)

• BUILDING BLOCKS
• 3 Fatty acids
• Glycerol
• most common in the body
• Concentrated sources of energy
• adipose tissue insulates and protects organs

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• SOLID (animal fats)
• Saturated carbons have single bonds

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• LIQUID (plant oils)
• Unsaturated carbons have double or triple bonds

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PHOSPOLIPIDS

• Important in cell membranes allows them to be
  selective
• POLAR HEAD attracts and interacts with water
  and ions (hydrophilic)
• NONPOLAR TAILS- hydrophobic

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Waxes-

• Composed of a long fatty acid chain joined to a
  long alcohol chain
• Wax can be found on the outside of plants to
  prevent water loss especially through leaves
• Can also be found in your ears where it prevents
  microorganisms from entering the ear canal

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STEROIDS

• Four interlocking rings
• Structure differs from other fats
• Made largely of H and C atoms

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CHOLESTEROL

• is most important molecule in steroids
• meat, eggs, cheese
• Certain amount made in liver
• Found in ALL cell membranes
• Provide rigidity
• Facilitates communication between cells

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• Particularly abundant in brain
• Used to form sex hormones, cortisol (stress
  hormone), bile salts, and vitamin D

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• ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• deposit of FAT in artery walls

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ATERIOSCLEROSIS hardening of arteries
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HOW DO WE MAINTAIN HOMEOSTATIS?
POLLY UNSATURATED
OLIVE OYL
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• Omega-3 Fats (Fish, walnuts)
• safflower, corn, sunflower and soybean oils