Systems for ELT management in Europe

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Rubber
Recycling activities
in Europe
Trends and Challenges
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BLIC EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY
Created in 1959, BLIC is the official and unique
interlocutor appointed by the European rubber
industry it represents all national rubber
industry associations of enlarged European Union
(16)
1200 tyre and technical rubber goods companies,
including Bridgestone, Continental, Cooper Avon,
Goodyear Dunlop, Michelin, Nokian, Pirelli,
Trelleborg, Vredestein
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CURRENT LEGISLATION IN EU
International OECD Waste Lists A Hazardous B
Non hazardous Basel Convention 22.3.1989
European Waste Directive 75/442/EEC
(15.7.1975), 91/156EC (18.3.1991) European Waste
List 2000/532/EC and amendments Regulation on
supervision and control of transborder shipment
of waste 93/259/93EC (1.2.1993) Landfill
Directive 1999/31/EC (26.4.1999) Directive on
incineration of waste 2000/76/EC
(4.12.2000) Directive on End of Life
Vehicles 2000/53/EC (18.9.2000)
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CURRENT LEGISLATION IN EU

• Used tyres involved in 3 major directives
• Waste Directive
• ELT are considered as non hazardous waste
• Landfill Directive
• ban on used tyres in landfill starting July 2003
  (whole tyres)
• Ban of shredded tyres in landfill starting July
  2006
• Directive on End of Life Vehicles
• 85 of scrap cars recovered (2006), tyres to be
  dismantled from cars, increasing ELT work load
  by 8
• Directive on incineration of waste
• Old cement kilns will not be able to burn tyres
  after 2008, overall capacity being reduced by
  10
• (

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Arising and Treated Volumes EU Enlarged EU
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Terms and definitions / categories of UTs
USED TYRES
(Dismantled tyres from replacement or end-of-life
vehicles)
Part-worn Tyres
End of Life Tyres
Remouldable Tyres
Reusable Tyres
Second Tyre Life
Disposal of ELTs
Material Utilization (Recycling)
Civil Engineering
Raw Material Utilization
Energy Recovery
Whole Tyres Shredded Tyres Granules Crumb
Steel
Electric Steel Furnaces, (Pyrolysis-,
Gassification, Hydrogenation)
Cement Kilns, Power Plants, Co-Combustion
(Whole Tyres), Shredded Tyres, Residues
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Fate of used tyres in Europe (15)
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I - Energy Recovery 29

• Cement kilns 90
• Industrial boilers
• Co-incineration with waste (Italy)
• Thermolysis, pyrolysis, gasification tests
• Electric arc steel furnaces promising - one
  industrial project in France (17 000 T this year)

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Energy Recovery

• In Europe today there are currently 250-300
  cement works, which could potentially utilize the
  equivalent of the total number of ELTs generated
  annually.
• This application does require some mechanical
  modifications to the plant, anything from 1 to
  1.5 million uro according to whether whole or
  shredded tyres are used.

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Energy Recovery

• Big increase in 10 years, still to continue
• Price of oil and coal
• End of animal fats
• 1 T ELT 1 T of good quality coal or 0.7 T fuel
  oil (plus natural resources savings)
• Good ecological treatment (2008 EU Air
  Regulation)
• Eastern Europe investments in new kilns using
  TdF
• Western Europe more mature collecting market is
  pushing Cement Cies to invest
• May be the only way to eliminate historical
  stockpiles
• ? tipping free is down every year
• In some country, it is ZERO.

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Energy recovery Challenges

• Change in Air Pollution EU regulation more
  severe in 2010/2012 ?
• ? solution is pyrolysis in the same site, but
  investment from 1-2 Million to 10-12
• Competition from other waste replacing ELTs ?
• Fuel coming back to low cost ?
• Collecting costs increase

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II - Material recovery 27

• Textile fibre very difficult to reuse. Price
  very low
• Steel easy to sell but price very low
• Crumb rubber mainly used in cheap product
  price low
• Shredded tyres civil engineering applications

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Material recovery

• New technologies and material blends are used to
  incorporate powdered rubber into other rubber
  based products
• Wheels for caddies, dustbins, wheelbarrows,
  lawn mowers, etc
• Artificial floor covering for sports arenas
• Urban furniture and signposting
• Paving blocks and roofing materials
• Flooring for stables
• Shock-absorbent flooring (schools, playgrounds
  ,safety, sport and recreational mats).

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Material Recovery challenges

• To find application using the flexible properties
  of rubber to look for value added (see Aliapur
  RD programs)
• Electric Arc Furnace shred instead of carbon
  steel
• Granulates Thermoplastics New Compounds
  (project led with Renault, Peugeot and their
  main suppliers)
• Cement-based material incorporating rubber
  aggregates
• Industrial sport floors, draining, sound
  barriers,
• Rubber-modified asphalt the added powdered
  rubber enhances the longevity of the road surface
  and provides a quieter ride and improved safety
  in wet conditions.

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III - Civil engineering application

• Coastal protection, erosion barriers, artificial
  reefs, and off coasts breakwaters
• Foundation for roads and railways
• Embankments alongside roads, avalanche shelters
• Silage clamps in farms more and more often
  prohibited
• Draining material replacing sand and gravels
  but
• Rubber modified asphalt but

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EUROPE needs to increase ELTs energy recovery

• Rubber recycling market will probably still
  increase but will not be able to absorb all the
  arising of ELTs
• EU Directive will stop landfill in Southern and
  Eastern Europe, pushing recycling investment in
  those countries and stopping the import flow of
  crumbs and powders from Northern Europe
• Risk on export flows of Elts out of EU
• Historical stockpiles to be eliminated ( 5/7
  years)

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EUROPE needs to increase ELTs energy recovery

• 2. EU Directive EPR scheme will secure the
  supply-chain to energy recovery outlets.
• 3. Sustainable high price of oil will make ELTs
  more competitive
• 4. EU recycling policy will decrease competition
  with other products derived Fuel

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New Energy recovery to be developed

• Cement Kiln in Export countries were ELTs
  arising are small
• Ex Morocco from France
• Dedicated electrical mills
• Co-incineration in power generation plants,
  industrial boilers, or city heat station
• Mixed with waste-incinerators
• Thermolysis / pyrolysis

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• Thank you
• for your attention