Southern Methodist University Fall 2003

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Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS
8391/NTU CC725-N Wireless Networks
Lecture 1 Course Overview
Instructor Jila Seraj email jseraj_at_engr.smu.edu
http//www.engr.smu.edu/jseraj/ tel
214-505-6303
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Instructor Profile

• Senior Staff Engineer with Ericsson Inc.
• Network performance management
• Wireless mobility management
• MS EE Lund Technical University in Sweden
• Major in telecommunications
• 20 years experience in telecommunications

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Course Objectives

• At the successful conclusion of this course the
  students should have
• Be familiar with elements of a wireless network
• Be able to explain the function of each element
  in the network
• Have a high lever knowledge of the protocols that
  govern inter-working between these elements

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Course Objective, Cont.

• Have a good knowledge of the different wireless
  network technologies
• Have a good understanding of the capabilities and
  limitations of them
• Have a clear understanding of network performance
  metrics and their use
• Have a good understanding on how the performance
  can be measured

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Course Objective, Cont.

• Have a high level knowledge of network
  performance verification and optimization
• Above all enjoy learning something new

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Course Overview

• First generation cellular
• AMPS, signaling, digital AMPS
• Second generation voice
• Speech coding, TDMA (IS-136), CDMA (IS-95), GSM
• Third Generation of wireless system
• UMTS
• WCDMA

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Course overview (cont)

• Mobile data systems
• GPRS (general packet radio system),
• mobile IP (Internet protocol)
• CDPD, Architecture, MAC
• Wireless LANs (local area networks)
• CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.11, residential networks, ad
  hoc networks
• Network performance evaluation

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Course Topics (cont)

• Not covered
• RF propagation, antennas, modulation/detection
• Communication/information theory
• Cordless phones
• Fixed wireless (radio or optical) systems
• Prerequisites
• None

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Course Topics (cont)

• Grading
• Term Paper 10
• 2 exams 40 each
• Home works 3 homework, each 5
• Term paper is expected by end of November.
• Homework is expected 2 weeks after it is posted
  on the web for classroom students. Distance
  students are given an extra week.
• Answer to homework is posted on the web after 3
  weeks.

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Course Material

• No books are required
• Class notes will be posted on the at
• http//www.engr.smu.edu/jseraj/
• Homework will be posted on the web
• Term papers will be posted too
• Suggestion for term paper could be found there too

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References

• Recommended Books
• Wireless Personal Communications Systems, David
  J. Goodman, Addison-Wesley Communications Series
• T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications Principles
  and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996
• easy introduction to cellular networks moderate
  engineering level
• B. Walke, Mobile Radio Networks Networking and
  Protocols, Wiley, 1999
• comprehensive heavy on GSM European perspective

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References (cont)

• K. Pahlavan, A. Levesque, Wireless Information
  Networks, Wiley, 1995
• good as textbook or reference heavy on RF
  instead of networks
• V. Garg, J. Wilkes, Wireless and Personal
  Communications Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996
• similar to Rappaport engineering level is easier
• U. Black, Second Generation Mobile and Wireless
  Networks, Prentice Hall, 1999
• easy introduction to cellular for general audience

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References (cont)

• J. Gibson, ed., The Mobile Communications
  Handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press, 1999.
• handbook (not textbook) on various topics by
  leading experts
• Specialized books
• B. Bing, High-Speed Wireless ATM and LANs, Artech
  House, 2000
• C. Perkins, Mobile IP Design Principles and
  Practices, Addison-Wesley, 1998

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How To Get The Most Out Of This Course?

• Follow the class
• Do the homework, it helps you to come up with
  questions
• Choose a topic you are interested for your term
  paper. Start working on it as soon as you have
  made up your mind
• Ask questions

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Term Paper Ideas

• Two types of term paper
• Comparative study
• In depth research in one specific area
• Subject Area
• Wireless IP network
• Wireless Security
• Performance evaluation
• Wireless LAN
• Business case
• Mobility Management

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Your First Assignment

• Send me an email containing the following
  information
• Your name, phone number, the preferred method of
  communication
• Tell me why you are taking this course
• Tell me if you are interested in a special topic.
  I will try to accommodate it

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Office Hours

• After the class as needed
• Email, jseraj_at_engr.smu.edu
• SMU distance learning mail and fax
• Please use SMU address and email

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Miscellaneous Information

• Contact List
• SMU EE Department Administrator
• Susan Bailey [phone]
• SMU Distance Learning Coordinator
• Gary McCleskey [phone]
• Southern Methodist University
• Distance Education
• Attn Gary McCleskey
• P.O. Box 750338
• Dallas, TX 75275-0338
• Fax Number [phone] or [phone]

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Miscellaneous Information

• Class Times and Dates
• Thursdays 630-920 pm
• Last class on November 20
• Final Exam December 11
• Distance Students
• Return assignments should be returned to Gary
  McCleskey either by mail, fax or email
• Please send only one copy
• Deadlines are fixed
• Videotape help vthelp_at_seas.smu.edu
• NTU administration www.ntu.edu

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Outline

• Motivation
• Historical background
• Some Terminology
• Classification of wireless networks
• Standards
• Review of radio communications

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Why wireless networks?

• No cost for installing wires or rewiring
• Communications can reach where wiring is
  infeasible or costly, eg, rural areas, old
  buildings, battlefield, vehicles, outer space
• Automagical instantaneous communications
  without physical connection setup, eg, Bluetooth
• Communication satellites, global coverage, eg,
  Iridium
• Roaming allows flexibility to stay connected
  anywhere and any time

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Why wireless networks? (cont)

• Rapidly growing market attests to public need for
  mobility and uninterrupted access
• Consumers are used to the flexibility and will
  demand instantaneous, uninterrupted, fast access
  regardless of the application.
• Consumers and businesses are willing to pay for
  it

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Why wireless networks? (cont)

• Increasing dependence on telecommunication
  services for business and personal reasons

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Challenges

• Network support for user mobility (location
  identification, handover,...)
• Efficient use of finite radio spectrum (cellular
  frequency reuse, medium access control
  protocols,...)
• Integrated services (voice, data, multimedia)
  over a single network (service differentiation,
  priorities, resource sharing,...)

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Challenges (cont)

• Maintaining quality of service over unreliable
  links
• Connectivity and coverage (internetworking)
• Security (privacy, authentication,...)
• Cost efficiency

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10 minutes break
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Historical Background

• 1946 ATT introduced first mobile telephone
  service using line of sight analog FM radio
  transmission, 120 kHz per voice channel, limited
  to 50 miles from base, operator-assisted dialing
• Mid-1960s ATTs IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone
  Service) uses 30 kHz voice channels, narrowband
  FM and direct dialing

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Historical Background (cont)

• First generation analog cellular telephony
• late 1940s ATT develops cellular concept for
  frequency reuse
• 1971 ATT proposes High Capacity Mobile Phone
  Service to FCC
• 1979 US standardizes it as AMPS (Advanced Mobile
  Phone System)in 800-900 MHz range

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Historical Background (cont)

• First generation analog cellular telephony
• 1983 ATT launches AMPS in Chicago 1985 Nordic
  Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) in Scandanavia, Total
  Access Communications System (TACS) in UK, C450
  in W. Germany
• Total six incompatible analog cellular systems in
  Europe
• Motivated Europe to accelerate 2nd generation
  digital cellular

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Historical Background (cont)

• Second generation digital cellular
• 1989 Europe standardizes Global System for
  Mobile Communications (GSM)
• 1992 GSM is launched
• 1990 Japan standardizes Japanese Digital
  Cellular (JDC) now called Personal Digital
  Cellular (PDC)
• 1990 Europe standardizes Digital Cellular System
  at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800, recently renamed GSM 1800)
• 1993 DCS 1800 launched

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History (cont)

• 1992 TIA/IS-54 TDMA (Digital AMPS) is deployed
  in US
• 1996 TIA/IS-95 CDMA in US
• 1995 Personal Handphone System (PHS) in Japan,
  first widespread low-tier PCS, is hugely
  successful
• 1996 ATT and Sprint offer PCS in major US
  cities
• Smaller cell sites (0.25 km vs traditional 1-8
  km), smaller/lighter portable handsets, cheaper
  access points

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History (cont)

• 1998 ITU begins to study proposals for 3rd
  generation cellular
• mid-2000s UMTS, IMT-2000, W-CDMA, cdma2000,
  EDGE,...
• 2010-? 4th generation?
• Self organizing, ad hoc?

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Some Terminology

• Wireless vs mobile
• Wireless systems can be fixed (LMDS, microwave,
  optical) or mobile
• Cellular
• Geography is divided into adjacent cells
• Radio frequencies can be re-used in non-adjacent
  cells
• Commonly in 800-900 MHz band

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Terminology (cont)

• Base station
• Fixed transceiver that sends and receives signals
  from the mobile device
• Connects to the wireline network
• PCS
• Originally, microcellular anywhere any time
  service with unique lifetime number, portable
  lightweight handsets
• Now similar to digital cellular, in 1900 MHz range

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Terminology (cont)

• Low-tier cellular (PCS)
• Between cellular and cordless
• Very small cells, limited mobility, usually
  campus range
• High tier cellular
• Large cells
• Protocols
• Rules for exchanging data between different
  entities Protocol layers

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Terminology (cont)

• Protocols, cont
• Concept of dividing (usually complex) protocols
  into separate functions
• Higher protocol layers build on the functions
  (services) of lower layers
• Each protocol layer can be designed and analyzed
  separately, if services provided to higher
  protocol layers is unchanged
• Each protocol layer uses separate overhead
  information (eg, header fields)

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Terminology (cont)

• Protocols, cont
• Protocol entities in each layer communicate
  with their peer entities in the same layer

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Terminology (cont)

• OSI protocol reference model

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Terminology (cont)

• Application Layer User program that generates
  data
• Presentation Layer changes syntax (data format)
  if necessary
• Session Layer synchronizes sessions (dialogues)
• Transport Layer end-to-end connection
  management, error recovery

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Terminology (cont)

• Network Layer routes data through network
• Link Layer framing, error recovery on links,
  including MAC
• Physical Layer point-to-point medium-dependent
  transmission

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Terminology (cont)

• TCP/IP protocol reference model

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Classification of Wireless Networks

• Mobility fixed wireless or mobile
• Analog or digital
• Ad hoc (decentralized) or centralized (fixed base
  stations)
• Services voice (isochronous) or data
  (asynchronous)
• Ownership public or private

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Classification of Wireless Networks

• Area wide (WAN), metropolitan (MAN), local
  (LAN), or personal (PAN) area networks
• Switched (circuit- or packet-switched) or
  broadcast
• Low bit-rate (voicegrade) or high bit-rate
  (video, multimedia)
• Terrestrial or satellite

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Standard Bodies

• International Telecommun. Union (ITU)
• An agency of United Nations for communications
  standards and treaty-based spectrum management
• Up to 1993, composed of 4 groups
• CCITT (Consultative Committee on International
  Telegraph and Telephone) recommendations for
  wired networks

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Standard Bodies

• CCIR (Consultative Committee on International
  Radio) study groups for radio spectrum usage and
  interworking of wireless systems
• International Frequency Registration Board
  (IFRB) allocated international frequencies and
  organized 1987 and 1992 World Administrative
  Radio Conferences (WARCs) settling international
  questions about spectrum for PCS and satellite
  services
• General Secretariat

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International Standards (cont)

• 1985 Study Group 8 started work on future public
  land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS)
  3rd generation wireless or PCS
• 1993 Reorganized into 3 sectors
• Radio Communications Sector ITU-R (formerly CCIR
  and IFRB) world conferences, radio regulations
• Telecommun. Standardization Sector ITU-T
  (formerly CCITT) all wireline and wireless
  standards
• Telecommun. Development Sector (new) promote
  development of telecommun. in developing countries

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Standards (cont)

• Conf. of European Posts and Telecommun.
  Administrations (CEPT)
• Post/telecom administrations of most European
  nations
• Traditionally coordinated European support of ITU
• Supplanted by ETSI
• European Telecommun. Standards Institute (ETSI)
• Established by the European Community for
  pan-European systems
• Covers GSM, HIPERLAN (wireless LAN)

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10 minutes break
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US Standards

• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  (IEEE)
• Project 802 studies LANs
• 802.11 wireless LAN standard
• FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates
  licenses for US radio spectrum

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US Standards

• 1979 Single nationwide standard allowed roaming
  in first generation cellular systems (AMPS)
• slowed push for second generation digital
• 1981 Decision to license two (20 MHz) wireless
  providers per market (1) local telephone company
  (2) non-wireline company

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US Standards (cont)

• Letting market decide among various 2nd
  generation technologies, constrained to share
  frequency bands with 1st generation
• 1994 Auction of PCS spectrum in 1900 MHz range
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• T1 committee for US standards supporting ITU
• T1A1 Performance and signal processing
• T1E1 Network interfaces
• T1M1 Interwork operations, administration,
  maintenance
• T1P1 Systems engineering, standards planning
• T1S1 Services, architecture, signaling
• T1X1 Digital hierarchy, synchronization

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US Standards (cont)

• T1E1 and T1P1 subcommittees are working on PCS
• Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
• Telecommun. Industry Assoc. (TIA) is a branch
  representing equipment vendors to develop
  cellular standards
• 1988 TR45 Committee on Digital Cellular Standards
  began 2nd generation cellular standards
• 1992 EIA/TIA Interim Standard 54 (IS-54) defined
  air interface based on TDMA (dual mode with AMPS)

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US Standards (cont)

• 1993 TR45.5 subcommittee publishes EIA/TIA IS-95
  based on CDMA
• TR45.4 subcommittee is working on PCS
• FCC is letting market decide among various
  technologies
• TDMA (IS-136)
• CDMA (IS-95)
• digital AMPS (IS-54-B), also TDMA
• narrowband analog AMPS (N-AMPS)
• narrowband extended TDMA (E-TDMA)

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3G International Standards

• 2005 timeframe
• ITU-R studies of FPLMTS (future public land
  mobile telecommunications system) - now called
  IMT-2000
• ITU standards on UPT (universal personal
  telecommunications)

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3G International Standards (cont)

• ETSI group on UMTS (universal mobile
  telecommunication system)
• T1S1, T1E1, T1M1, T1P1 committees, TIA (Telecom
  Industry Assoc.), IEEE 802 committee are
  developing US standards for PCS

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• Questions?