Decision Support Systems DSS

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Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• Model-driven DSS
• Data-driven DSS
• Combined modelling and data retrieving DSS
• Embedded model-driven DSS

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Model-driven DSS

• A spread-sheet with formulas in
• A statistical forecasting model
• An optimum routing model

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Data-driven (retrieving) DSS

• Accessing AMMIS data base for all maintenance
  Jan89-Jul94 for CH124
• Accessing INTERPOL database for crimes by .
• Accessing border patrol database for all
  incidents in Sector ...

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Model and data-retrieving DSS

• Collect weather observations at all stations and
  forecast tomorrows weather
• Collect data on all civilian casualties to mines
  to predict casualties over the next month

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Embedded (model) DSS

• Automatic routing of traffic in a (telephone)
  communication network
• Automatic planning of when a special-order car
  can go through an assembly line
• Spares ordering for vehicle maintenance

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

• MANAGEMENT LEVEL COMPUTER SYSTEM COMBINES DATA,
  MODELS, USER - FRIENDLY SOFTWARE FOR
  SEMISTRUCTURED UNSTRUCTURED DECISION MAKING

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

• TPS transaction processing system
• MODEL representation of a problem
• OLAP on-line analytical processing
• USER INTERFACE how user enters problem
  receives answers
• DSS DATABASE current data from applications or
  groups

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

• DATA MINING technology for finding relationships
  in large data bases for prediction
• DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM tools for data analysis
• SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS what-if questions about
  changes in model factors

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM EXAMPLES

• MANUFACTURING RESOURCE PLANNING (MRPII)
  Production scheduling, purchasing, material
• GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) Software to
  display digital maps
• CUSTOMER DSS (CDSS) system supports buying
  decisions of customers

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GROUP DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM (GDSS)

• INTERACTIVE COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM FACILITATES
  SOLUTION OF UNSTRUCTURED PROBLEMS BY DECISION
  MAKERS WORKING AS GROUP

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TOOLS OF GDSS

• ELECTRONIC QUESTIONNAIRES
• ELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING
• IDEA ORGANIZERS
• QUESTIONNAIRE TOOLS
• TOOLS FOR VOTING, SETTING PRIORITIES

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TOOLS OF GDSS

• STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION ANALYSIS TOOLS
• POLICY FORMATION TOOLS
• GROUP DICTIONARIES

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ELECTRONIC MEETING SYSTEM (EMS)

• COLLABORATIVE GDSS USES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO
  MAKE GROUP MEETINGS MORE PRODUCTIVE FACILITATES
  COMMUNICATION DECISION MAKING

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HOW GDSS ENHANCED DECISION MAKING

• IMPROVED PRE-PLANNING
• INCREASED PARTICIPATION
• OPEN, COLLABORATIVE ATMOSPHERE
• IDEA GENERATION FREE OF CRITICISM
• EVALUATION OBJECTIVITY
• IDEA ORGANIZATION EVALUATION

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HOW GDSS ENHANCED DECISION MAKING

• SETTING PRIORITIES DECISION MAKING
• DOCUMENTATION OF MEETINGS
• ACCESS TO EXTERNAL INFORMATION
• PRESERVATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL MEMORY

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EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

• STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGNED FOR
  UNSTRUCTURED DECISION MAKING THROUGH ADVANCED
  GRAPHICS AND COMMUNICATIONS

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EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

• BRIEFING BOOKS On-line data, fixed format
  reports for executives
• DRILL DOWN ability to move from summary to lower
  levels of detail
• Designed for specific needs of CEO
• Extensive support staff
• Executive has 24 hour per day ability to examine,
  control progress throughout organization

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EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

• BENEFITS
• FLEXIBILITY
• ABILITY TO ANALYZE, COMPARE, HIGHLIGHT TRENDS
• GRAPHICS HELP EXPLORE SITUATION
• MONITOR PERFORMANCE
• TIMELINESS, AVAILABILITY OF DATA ALLOWS PROMPT
  ACTION