Standards

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Standards
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Standards

• Basis by which fitness, physical activity,
  recreation, sport products, and facilities can be
  harmonized between companies, sport and trade
  associations, and between countries
• Developed over past 50 years
• Provide consistency
• (ASTM) The American Society for Testing and
  Materials society that establishes standards

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Mandatory and Voluntary Standards

• Mandatory standard
• Developed by a federal agency (i.e., EPA OSHA)
• Violations carry penalties
• Voluntary standard
• Developed by a professional nonprofit agency

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Standard of Practice

• Usual practice accepted by the national or local
  government regarding some aspect of equipment or
  facility design or usage

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Standard of Care

• Degree of care that a reasonably prudent person
  should exercise in the same or similar
  circumstances
• Below standard may become liable in damages for
  injuries or damages resulting from his or her
  conduct

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Evaluation Standards

• Began in earnest at the conclusion of World War
  II
• Development began in 1970s
• May inhibit creativity, negatively affect the
  growth of sport and increase its cost

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ANSI

• American National Standards Institute
• Develops standards
• Nonprofit, privately funded membership
  organization
• Founded in 1918
• Guided by national culture and free enterprise
  system

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Functions of ANSI

• Coordinate the self-regulating, due-process
  consensus-based, U.S. voluntary standards system
• Administer the development of standards and
  approve them as American National Standards
• Provide the means for the U.S. to influence
  development of international and regional
  standards
• Disseminate timely and important information on
  national, international, and regional standards
  activities to U.S. industry and
• Promote awareness of the growing strategic
  significance of standards technology and U.S.
  global competitiveness.

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ASTM

• American Society of Testing and Materials
• Industrial Revolution opened a new chapter of
  history of material specifications
• Locomotive builders, steel rail producers, steam
  engine builders used new materials
• Quality standards were issued to avoid problems
• Pennsylvania Railroad played a key role in the
  quest for standard specifications (Charles Dudley)

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• What is ASTM? a nonprofit organization that
  provides a forum for producers, users, ultimate
  consumers and those having general interest to
  meet common ground and write standards for
  materials, products, systems, and services
• What is an ATSM Standard? standard document
  that has been developed and established within
  the consensus principles of the society and meet
  approval requirements of ATSM producers and
  regulations

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OSHA

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Federal agency
• Have standards through negotiated rule-making
  process, form an advisory committee
• Standards usually take effect in 90 days or less

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ACSM

• American College of Sports Medicine
• Contain six standards
• Published a second edition book entitled Health
  Fitness Facility Standards and Guidelines
• Medically based organization with a research
  focus
• Medical models works in a hospital or testing lab

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IHRSA

• International Health, Racquet, Sportsclub
  Association
• A nonprofit trade association representing 2,500
  health and sport clubs worldwide
• Largest club association in the world

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NFPA

• National Fire Protection Association
• Publishes Life Safety Codes

CEN

• European Committee for Standardization
• Coordinates all European country standards
  organizations

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NSPI

• National Spa and Pool Institute
• Sources for standards for design, construction,
  and operation of public and residential pools and
  spas

WWA

• World Waterpark Association
• Standards for waterparks
• Creation of Splash Magazine

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Sport Indoor and Outdoor Facility Standards

• Organizations that establish standards for
  facilities and equipment for amateur and
  professional sports in the U.S.
• National Federation of High School Activities
  Associations
• National Collegiate Athletic Association
• National Junior College Athletic Association
• Amateur Athletic Union
• National Football League
• National Basketball Association
• National Hockey League
• Major League Baseball

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Guideline

• Standard or principle by which to make a judgment
  or determine a policy of course of action
• Guideline is a series of procedures to ensure the
  maintenance of the standards